When teaching a client with a prescription for Loperamide for diarrhea, which instruction should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In teaching a client with a prescription for Loperamide for diarrhea, the nurse should include the instruction to avoid activities that require alertness. Loperamide is an antidiarrheal medication that can cause drowsiness and impair alertness, so engaging in activities such as driving or operating machinery can be dangerous. Option A is incorrect because taking the medication with a full glass of water is a general instruction for many medications but not specifically for Loperamide. Option C is incorrect because abdominal pain and bloating are not expected side effects of Loperamide. Option D is incorrect because taking an additional dose after each loose stool can lead to overdose and is not the recommended dosing regimen for Loperamide. Educationally, it is important for the nurse to emphasize the specific precautions and side effects of Loperamide to ensure the safe and effective use of the medication by the client. Understanding the rationale behind each instruction helps the client adhere to the prescribed regimen and avoid any potential risks associated with the medication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding medication administration instructions is crucial for ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes. For the prescription of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, the nurse should include the instruction to increase fluid intake. This is because Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole is a combination antibiotic that can increase the risk of crystalluria, which is the formation of crystals in the urine. By increasing fluid intake, the client can help prevent the formation of these crystals and reduce the risk of kidney damage. Option A, taking the medication with food, is not directly related to the administration of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. This medication can be taken with or without food, so it is not a priority instruction. Option C, expecting reddish-orange urine, is a common side effect of phenazopyridine, not Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. It is important to differentiate between medication side effects to provide accurate information to the client. Option D, avoiding high-protein foods, is not necessary for Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole administration. There is no specific dietary restriction related to this medication that requires the client to avoid high-protein foods. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind medication administration instructions helps nurses provide safe and effective care to their clients. By linking the pharmacological effects of medications to specific instructions, nurses can promote better adherence and outcomes for their clients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Epoetin alfa is a medication that stimulates red blood cell production, so hemoglobin levels should be monitored to assess the effectiveness of the drug. Monitoring hemoglobin levels helps evaluate the response to Epoetin Alfa treatment and ensures that the client's anemia is being appropriately managed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Grapefruit can increase the levels of simvastatin in the blood, leading to an increased risk of serious side effects, including muscle pain or damage. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to avoid consuming grapefruit while taking this medication to prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client taking Clindamycin is to take the medication with a full glass of water. Clindamycin can cause esophageal irritation, so taking it with a full glass of water helps minimize this risk. Avoiding taking the medication with food is not necessary. If diarrhea occurs, clients should not discontinue the medication without consulting their healthcare provider. Clindamycin is not known to cause increased appetite.