When talking to a child who is seated, the nurse should

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of nursing, it is crucial to establish effective communication with pediatric patients to build trust and rapport. Sitting at eye level with the child (option D) is the correct approach when talking to a child who is seated. This position conveys respect, puts the child at ease, and facilitates better communication by creating a more equal power dynamic. Touching the child (option A) may not always be appropriate and can invade personal space, potentially causing discomfort or distress. Standing facing the child (option B) can be intimidating, especially for a young patient, and may hinder open communication. Standing with a relaxed posture (option C) is better than standing rigidly, but it doesn't address the importance of establishing eye contact and a comfortable level for communication. Educationally, understanding these communication techniques is vital for nursing students as they learn to provide patient-centered care. By sitting at eye level with pediatric patients, nurses can promote a therapeutic relationship, gather accurate information, and ensure the child feels respected and valued during interactions. This skill enhances the quality of care delivery and contributes to positive patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Calcium channel blockers because they are medications that act on the heart and blood vessels to lower blood pressure and heart rate. Calcium channel blockers inhibit the influx of calcium into the smooth muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, resulting in decreased contractility of the heart and vasodilation, ultimately leading to a decrease in pulse rate. Option B) Acute pain typically causes an increase in the pulse rate due to the body's stress response. Pain activates the sympathetic nervous system, releasing adrenaline and increasing heart rate to prepare the body for fight or flight. Option C) Anxiety also triggers the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an increase in pulse rate as the body responds to perceived threats or stressors. Option D) Blood loss causes a decrease in blood volume, which triggers the body to increase the heart rate to compensate for the loss and maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs. In an educational context, understanding factors that influence pulse rate is crucial for nursing professionals. It helps in assessing a patient's health status, response to medications, and identifying potential issues. Knowing the effects of different conditions and medications on pulse rate enables nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Lillian Wald. Lillian Wald is known for providing community-based care and founding public health nursing through her establishment of the Henry Street Settlement in New York City. This organization focused on providing healthcare to underserved communities and advocating for social reform. Option A) Adelaide Nutting was a prominent figure in nursing education, particularly in the development of nursing schools. Option C) Sojourner Truth was a well-known African American abolitionist and women's rights activist, not specifically associated with nursing or public health. Option D) Clara Barton was a pioneering figure in the field of nursing, known for her work during the Civil War and founding the American Red Cross, but she is not specifically associated with community-based care and public health nursing. Understanding the contributions of key figures in nursing history, such as Lillian Wald, is crucial for students in the nursing profession. It highlights the importance of community-based care, public health initiatives, and advocacy in nursing practice. By recognizing the impact of these trailblazers, students can gain insight into the evolution of nursing and the diverse roles nurses play in promoting health and well-being in society.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pursuing a career as a geriatric nurse practitioner, Amy Jones would need to attain a master's degree in nursing (Option D). This is because a geriatric nurse practitioner is an advanced practice nursing role that requires a higher level of education and training beyond what is offered in other nursing programs. Choosing Option A, licensed practical nurse, is incorrect because LPNs do not have the advanced education and training needed to become a nurse practitioner. Option B, an associate degree, is also inadequate as it does not provide the depth of knowledge and clinical preparation required for a nurse practitioner role. Option C, a baccalaureate degree, is a common entry point for registered nurses, but to become a nurse practitioner specializing in geriatrics, a master's degree is necessary to acquire the advanced clinical skills, knowledge, and expertise needed to care for elderly patients effectively. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the educational pathways in nursing and the specific requirements for advanced practice nursing roles like nurse practitioners. It emphasizes the significance of pursuing higher levels of education to specialize in certain areas of nursing and provide optimal care to diverse patient populations like geriatrics.