When taking Nitroglycerine (transdermal), you should have how many hours nitrate free each day?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When taking Nitroglycerine (transdermal), it is recommended to have a nitrate-free interval of at least 10-12 hours to prevent tolerance from developing. Tolerance can occur if the medication is continuously delivered without a break, leading to reduced effectiveness. Therefore, having a nitrate-free interval of 3-4 hours each day helps to maintain the efficacy of Nitroglycerine therapy and prevent tolerance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology, when administering Phenytoin, monitoring is crucial to ensure patient safety and effectiveness of treatment. The correct answer, "D) all of the above," is the most appropriate choice because monitoring all aspects listed - behavior, therapeutic blood levels, and for Steven Johnson syndrome - is essential in the care of a patient receiving Phenytoin. Monitoring behavior is important because Phenytoin can impact mood and cognition, so any changes in behavior could indicate a need for dosage adjustment or further evaluation. Monitoring therapeutic blood levels is critical as Phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic range, and levels outside this range can lead to toxicity or lack of efficacy. Monitoring for Steven Johnson syndrome is necessary as it is a severe, though rare, adverse reaction associated with Phenytoin that requires immediate intervention. Options A, B, and C are incorrect on their own because they each address only one aspect of monitoring Phenytoin administration. Focusing solely on behavior, blood levels, or Steven Johnson syndrome would be insufficient and could lead to missed opportunities for intervention or adverse outcomes. In an educational context, understanding the comprehensive monitoring requirements for medications like Phenytoin is vital for nursing students and practicing nurses. It emphasizes the importance of holistic patient care, pharmacological knowledge, and vigilance in recognizing and responding to potential complications. By mastering this concept, nurses can ensure safe medication administration and promote positive patient outcomes in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amlodipine is a medication that is taken orally, usually in the form of tablets. The abbreviation "PO" stands for per os, which means by mouth or orally. Amlodipine is widely prescribed to treat high blood pressure and certain types of chest pain. It works by relaxing the blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood. Taking amlodipine orally allows it to be absorbed through the digestive system and enter the bloodstream to exert its therapeutic effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Antacids or antidiarrheals should be avoided for at least 4 hours after taking digoxin. These medications can interfere with the absorption of digoxin in the body, thereby reducing its effectiveness. By spacing out the administration of these medications, the risk of decreased digoxin absorption and potential impact on its therapeutic effects can be minimized. It is important for patients to follow this guidance to ensure optimal effectiveness of digoxin therapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The placenta is not a site for drug metabolism. Drug metabolism primarily occurs in the liver, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), skin, and kidney. The placenta serves as a barrier between the mother and fetus and is involved in nutrient and waste exchange but does not play a significant role in drug metabolism processes.