Correct Answer: C

Rationale: It is recommended for women to conduct breast self-examination immediately prior to their menses. This is because the breasts are less likely to be tender, lumpy, or swollen during this time of the menstrual cycle, making it easier to detect any abnormalities such as lumps or changes in the breast tissue. Conducting breast self-examination around this time each month can help women become familiar with the normal look and feel of their breasts, making it easier to detect any changes that may indicate a potential issue.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A condylar joint is a type of synovial joint that allows movement in two planes, typically flexion/extension and abduction/adduction. The interphalangeal joints of the hand, which are the joints between the phalanges (finger bones), exhibit this type of movement, making them an example of a condylar joint. The hip joint (choice A) is a ball-and-socket joint, the temporomandibular joint (choice C) is a hinge joint, and the intervertebral joint (choice D) is a cartilaginous joint, none of which are examples of condylar joints.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Secondary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation for 3-6 months in a woman who previously had regular menstrual cycles. In this case, Jean's lack of menstruation after giving birth and while breastfeeding her child for 6 months likely indicates secondary amenorrhea. This temporary suppression of ovulation and menstruation commonly occurs during breastfeeding due to the high levels of the hormone prolactin, which is responsible for milk production and can inhibit ovulation and menstruation. It is a natural phenomenon known as lactational amenorrhea. Once breastfeeding decreases or stops, menstruation usually resumes within a few months.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is considered a coronary heart disease risk equivalent, meaning it confers a similar risk as having a history of coronary heart disease itself. Individuals with PAD have a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke. Therefore, when assessing the 10-year coronary heart disease risk of the 40-year-old banker, having peripheral arterial disease would be a crucial factor to consider in addition to other risk factors like hypertension, exercise habits, and smoking history.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cheyne-Stokes respiration is characterized by a pattern of breathing with gradual increase and then decrease in depth of breaths, followed by a period of apnea. This cycle repeats itself. It is commonly seen in patients with heart failure and other conditions affecting the central nervous system. The patient in this scenario is not in distress, which is typical of Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Ataxic (Biot's) breathing is characterized by unpredictable irregular breaths with varying depths and irregular pauses; it is seen in patients with damage to the medulla. Kussmaul's respiration is deep, rapid, and labored breathing seen in metabolic acidosis. COPD with prolonged expiration is a characteristic finding in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but in this case, the described breathing pattern is more consistent with Cheyne-Stokes respiration.