ATI RN
Pediatric NCLEX Practice Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
When screening for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), the best time to perform an ultrasound is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In screening for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in infants, performing an ultrasound on the third day of life is crucial. This timing is recommended because IVH often occurs around this time due to the fragile blood vessels in premature infants' brains. By the third day, the risk of IVH is more evident, allowing for accurate detection through ultrasound. Option A, performing the ultrasound on the first day of life, is too early to detect IVH accurately as it may not have developed by then. Option B, on the second day of life, is also premature for reliable detection of IVH, as the risk increases after the first 48 hours. Option D, on the fourth day of life, may be too late to intervene effectively if IVH is already present. Educationally, understanding the timing for IVH screening is vital for healthcare professionals working with newborns, especially premature infants who are at higher risk. Early detection of IVH can lead to prompt intervention and better outcomes for infants. This question reinforces the importance of timing in screening protocols and highlights the critical window for assessing IVH in neonates.
Question 2 of 5
Major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms include either depressed mood or loss of interest in nearly all activities; it`s severity is variable. Of the following, the LEAST likely symptoms that are seen in mild cases of MDD is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) change in appetite with or without weight changes. In mild cases of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), individuals may not necessarily experience significant changes in appetite or weight. This symptom is more commonly associated with moderate to severe cases of MDD. Option A) irritability and Option B) restlessness are often seen in mild cases of MDD as individuals may exhibit increased irritability or restlessness due to their underlying depressive symptoms. Option C) boredom is also a common symptom in mild cases of MDD, as individuals may struggle to find enjoyment or interest in activities they once found pleasurable. Educationally, understanding the varying severity of symptoms in MDD is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working with pediatric populations. Recognizing the nuances of symptom presentation can aid in early detection, appropriate intervention, and improved outcomes for children and adolescents struggling with mental health issues. By differentiating between symptoms commonly seen in different severity levels of MDD, healthcare providers can provide more targeted and effective care.
Question 3 of 5
Sleep dysregulation is commonly seen in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) that can be treated by some medications. Of the following, the first medication for sleep dysregulation is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) experiencing sleep dysregulation, the first-line medication for treatment is melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle and has been shown to be effective in improving sleep patterns in children with ASDs. Option A (melatonin) is the correct answer because it directly addresses the issue of sleep dysregulation by supplementing the natural hormone that helps regulate sleep. Option B (guanfacine) and Option C (clonidine) are both alpha-2 adrenergic agonists commonly used to treat conditions like ADHD and anxiety, but they are not typically the first choice for addressing sleep issues in children with ASDs. Option D (haloperidol) is an antipsychotic medication that is not indicated for treating sleep dysregulation in ASDs due to its potential for serious side effects and lack of specific efficacy for sleep problems. Educationally, understanding the appropriate medications for managing common issues in pediatric patients with ASDs is essential for healthcare providers working with this population. It is important to consider the unique needs and sensitivities of individuals with ASDs when selecting treatment options to ensure the best outcomes.
Question 4 of 5
Conduct disorder in childhood and adolescence is associated with all of the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conduct disorder in childhood and adolescence is a serious behavioral and emotional disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of violating the rights of others or societal norms. Marital discord within the home is NOT directly associated with conduct disorder. Option A, antisocial behavior, is typically present in individuals with conduct disorder as they often exhibit aggressive and deceitful behavior. Option B, criminality in the father, can be a risk factor for the development of conduct disorder due to genetic and environmental influences. Option C, physical abuse, is a known risk factor for conduct disorder as children who experience abuse are more likely to exhibit disruptive behaviors. In an educational context, understanding the risk factors and associations with conduct disorder is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. By recognizing these factors, healthcare providers can intervene early, provide appropriate support, and potentially mitigate the long-term negative outcomes associated with conduct disorder. It is essential to differentiate between normal child behavior and behavior that may indicate a more serious underlying issue requiring intervention and support.
Question 5 of 5
Psychiatric disorders are more common than in the general population of children in all of the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children is crucial for providing comprehensive care. In this question, the correct answer is A) smart students. The rationale behind this is that being a "smart student" is not a risk factor for developing psychiatric disorders. In fact, children who excel academically do not have a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders compared to the general population of children. On the other hand, options B) head trauma, C) mental retardation, and D) epilepsy are all conditions that can increase the risk of developing psychiatric disorders in children. Head trauma can lead to changes in behavior and mood, increasing the likelihood of psychiatric issues. Mental retardation is often associated with co-occurring psychiatric disorders due to cognitive and emotional challenges. Epilepsy, a neurological condition, can also be linked to psychiatric comorbidities. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing risk factors for psychiatric disorders in children. It emphasizes that while certain conditions may predispose children to mental health issues, academic performance alone is not a determining factor. This knowledge equips nurses to assess and support children's mental well-being comprehensively, considering both medical and psychological aspects.