When reviewing the concepts of health, the nurse recalls that the components of holistic health include which of these?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because holistic health emphasizes the interconnectedness of the mind, body, and spirit, viewing them as interdependent aspects of an individual's overall well-being. This approach recognizes that all three components must be in balance for optimal health. Choice A is incorrect because disease can also originate internally. Choice B is incorrect as humans are influenced by their environment. Choice C is incorrect as multiple healthcare professionals contribute to a patient's health state, not just nurses.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Horner's syndrome. Anisocoria in Horner's syndrome is due to sympathetic nerve dysfunction, leading to a smaller pupil (miosis) in the affected eye. This occurs because of disruption in the sympathetic pathway, causing ptosis, anhidrosis, and miosis. Benign anisocoria (choice B) is a normal physiological variation in pupil size and does not involve pathologic causes. Differing light intensities for each eye (choice C) can cause temporary unequal pupil size but is not a pathologic cause. Eye prosthesis (choice D) is an artificial eye and not a cause of anisocoria.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the presence of normal tympany over the left upper quadrant indicates that gas-filled structures, such as the stomach or intestines, are present. This suggests that the mass is not the spleen, which is a solid organ that would produce dullness to percussion. A: A palpable 'notch' along its edge is more indicative of an enlarged spleen rather than a kidney. B: The inability to push your fingers between the mass and the costal margin suggests a mass that is closely adherent to the ribs, which could be seen in both enlarged kidney and spleen. D: The ability to push your fingers medial and deep to the mass could also be seen in both kidney and spleen enlargements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Is used to listen for high-pitched sounds. The diaphragm of the stethoscope is designed to pick up high-frequency sounds like normal heart sounds and lung sounds. It should be pressed firmly against the skin to maximize sound transmission. Choice B is incorrect because low-pitched sounds are better detected with the bell of the stethoscope. Choice C is incorrect because pressing lightly would decrease the sound transmission for high-pitched sounds. Choice D is incorrect as extra heart sounds and murmurs are also better heard with the bell of the stethoscope.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To accustom the patient to being touched. This is because starting with light palpation helps the patient to relax and become accustomed to the examiner's touch, reducing discomfort and anxiety. This approach also allows the examiner to gradually assess for tenderness, muscle tone, and superficial masses before moving on to deep palpation to evaluate deeper structures. Incorrect answers: A: To assess for organ size - This is incorrect because assessing organ size is typically done through techniques such as percussion or imaging studies, not palpation. C: To detect deep masses - This is incorrect because deep masses are typically assessed during deep palpation, not light palpation. D: To check for rebound tenderness - This is incorrect because rebound tenderness is a specific test for peritoneal irritation, which is typically assessed after palpation, not before.