When reviewing patients’ histories, the nurse recognizes that which patient would be a likely candidate for drug therapy for cholesterol reduction?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Patient C has coronary heart disease, indicating a higher risk of cardiovascular events. 2. The LDL level of 165 mg/dL is above the recommended target for patients with coronary heart disease. 3. Lowering cholesterol levels in patients with existing heart disease is crucial to reduce the risk of further complications. Summary: A: LDL level is within the recommended range for patients with coronary heart disease. B: LDL level is high, but the absence of coronary heart disease makes this patient less of a priority. D: Although the LDL level is optimal, having coronary heart disease takes precedence over the number of risk factors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Systemic clearance (CLs) is related to the volume of distribution, half-life, and elimination rate constant. CLs represents the efficiency of elimination of a drug from the body and is calculated as the rate of drug elimination divided by the plasma concentration. The volume of distribution influences the initial concentration of the drug in the body, half-life determines the time taken for the drug concentration to decrease by half, and the elimination rate constant reflects the rate at which the drug is removed from the body. Therefore, these parameters directly impact systemic clearance. Choices A, B, and D do not encompass all the essential factors that contribute to systemic clearance, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lidocaine. Lidocaine is an acetanilide derivative because it contains an acetanilide group in its chemical structure, making it a member of this specific chemical class of local anesthetics. Tetracaine is an ester derivative, not an acetanilide derivative. Cocaine is a tropane alkaloid derivative. Procaine is an ester derivative, not an acetanilide derivative. Therefore, based on the chemical structure and classification of local anesthetics, lidocaine is the only correct option.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because pilocarpine actually increases secretory and motor activity of the gut. This is due to its parasympathomimetic effects on muscarinic receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Choices A, B, and D are correct because pilocarpine is indeed a tertiary amine alkaloid, causes miosis and decreases intraocular pressure, and is used in the treatment of glaucoma due to its ability to increase aqueous humor outflow.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neostigmine. Neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases the levels of acetylcholine, helping counteract antimuscarinic effects. By inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, neostigmine enhances cholinergic transmission, thereby reversing the antimuscarinic effects. Summary: - B: Hexametonium is a ganglionic blocker used to reduce sympathetic activity, not to treat antimuscarinic effects. - C: Homatropine is an anticholinergic drug that would exacerbate antimuscarinic effects, not treat them. - D: Acetylcholine itself would not be effective in treating antimuscarinic effects as it would be rapidly degraded by acetylcholinesterase.