When planning range-of-motion exercises with Mrs. Iris, which exercises for the right leg would it be important for her to perform?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of Mrs. Iris, who is likely experiencing some form of neurological impairment, it is crucial to focus on exercises that target specific muscle groups to maintain or improve her range of motion and prevent contractures. Option C, gluteal muscle-setting exercises, is the most important for her right leg because these exercises help to strengthen the gluteal muscles, which play a significant role in hip stability and mobility. Strengthening these muscles can aid Mrs. Iris in maintaining proper alignment and function of her right leg during daily activities. Options A and B, adduction of the leg and 45° knee flexion and extension exercises, while important for overall lower limb mobility, may not be as critical for Mrs. Iris at this stage. Adduction exercises involve moving the leg toward the midline of the body, which may not directly address her specific needs related to gluteal muscle weakness. Knee flexion and extension exercises are beneficial but do not target the gluteal muscles, which are particularly important for Mrs. Iris's stability and gait. Option D, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot, primarily target the muscles in the lower leg and foot, which are important for gait and balance. While these exercises are valuable, they do not directly address the weakness in Mrs. Iris's gluteal muscles, which are crucial for her right leg function. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind selecting specific exercises for patients with neurological impairments is essential for nurses and healthcare professionals. By focusing on muscle-setting exercises that target specific muscle groups, like the gluteals in this case, healthcare providers can tailor rehabilitation programs to address individual patient needs effectively. This approach ensures that interventions are evidence-based and patient-centered, leading to better outcomes for patients like Mrs. Iris.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of Mrs. Post's discharge planning, teaching her to avoid sun exposure due to the potential aggravation of rash and arthritis (Option C) is crucial. Sunlight can exacerbate skin conditions like rashes and inflammatory arthritis, leading to increased discomfort and potential flare-ups. Educating Mrs. Post on this aspect is essential for managing her symptoms effectively and maintaining her quality of life. Regarding the incorrect options: - Option A is incorrect because the concurrent use of steroids and sun exposure typically heightens the risk of skin damage, rather than lessening the drug's effectiveness. - Option B is incorrect as sunlight causing ulceration of skin lesions is not a primary concern in this scenario. - Option D is incorrect as the skin's increased sensitivity to burning, while a potential issue, is not the primary reason for advising Mrs. Post to avoid sun exposure in this case. By understanding the impact of sun exposure on specific conditions like rash and arthritis, Mrs. Post can take necessary precautions to manage her health effectively, demonstrating the importance of patient education in post-discharge care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Fracture formation. Patients with a history of osteoporosis have an increased risk of fractures due to the weakened and porous nature of their bones. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone density and increased bone fragility, making individuals more susceptible to fractures, especially in weight-bearing bones like the hip, spine, and wrist. Option A) Infection in the bone is not directly related to osteoporosis. Osteomyelitis, or bone infection, is more commonly associated with factors such as trauma, surgery, or compromised immune function. Option B) Peripheral blood clot formation is not a typical risk associated with osteoporosis. Blood clot formation is more commonly linked to conditions like deep vein thrombosis or atherosclerosis. Option C) Painful joint inflammation is not a direct consequence of osteoporosis. Joint inflammation is more commonly seen in conditions like arthritis, which affect the synovial joints rather than the bone density itself. Educational Context: Understanding the complications associated with osteoporosis is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those preparing for the NCLEX exam. Recognizing the increased risk of fractures in individuals with osteoporosis is essential for providing appropriate care and preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of bone injuries. This knowledge helps in promoting patient safety and quality of life for individuals with this condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of treating a fracture, maintaining proper pin care is crucial for external fixation. External fixation involves the use of pins, screws, or wires attached to external rods to stabilize the fracture site. Proper pin care is essential to prevent infection, ensure stability, and promote healing in external fixation. Option A, closed reduction, involves manipulating the fractured bone back into place without surgery, making pin care unnecessary. Option B, open reduction, involves surgical exposure of the fracture site and internal fixation with plates or screws, not pins, so pin care is not applicable. Option D, internal fixation, involves the use of implants like plates or screws inside the body, not external pins, so pin care is not relevant in this method. Educationally, understanding the importance of proper pin care in external fixation is crucial for nurses caring for patients with fractures. It ensures that nurses can provide safe and effective care, prevent complications such as infection, and support optimal outcomes for patients undergoing this type of treatment. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the specific care requirements for each method of fracture treatment to deliver comprehensive care to their patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Caution the client against discontinuing the prescribed drugs. This instruction is crucial because even though the client is feeling better, stopping the prescribed medication prematurely can lead to a relapse or worsening of the disease. It is important for the client to complete the full course of medication as prescribed by their healthcare provider to ensure optimal recovery and prevent complications. Option A) Advise the client to reduce the dosage of the prescribed drugs is incorrect because altering the dosage without consulting a healthcare provider can be dangerous and may compromise the effectiveness of the treatment. Option C) Encouraging the client to resume heavy activity is incorrect as it can put unnecessary stress on the bones and hinder the healing process. Gradual return to activities should be advised based on the healthcare provider's recommendations. Option D) Encouraging the client to gain weight is also incorrect as it is not directly related to the management of a bone disease unless specifically indicated by the healthcare provider for a particular condition. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of medication compliance in the management of chronic diseases like bone disorders. Nurses play a crucial role in patient education by providing clear instructions and reinforcing the importance of following the prescribed treatment plan to achieve the best outcomes for the client's health.