When planning a healthy diet with a pregnant patient, what should the nurse's first action be?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because reviewing the patient's current dietary intake is essential to assess their nutritional status and identify areas for improvement. This step helps the nurse understand the patient's eating habits, preferences, and potential deficiencies, laying the groundwork for personalized dietary recommendations. Option A is incorrect because teaching about MyPlate is premature without understanding the patient's current diet. Option C is incorrect as blanket advice to limit fatty foods may not be suitable for all pregnant patients. Option D is incorrect as cautioning about vitamins should come after assessing the patient's current intake to avoid unnecessary restrictions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In maternal and reproductive health nursing, providing proper cord care is essential to prevent infection and ensure the newborn's well-being. The correct answer is C) The process of keeping the cord dry will decrease bacterial growth. This principle is crucial because moisture creates a favorable environment for bacterial growth, increasing the risk of infection. By keeping the cord dry and clean, we can reduce the chances of bacterial colonization and potential complications. Option A) Cord care is done only to control bleeding, is incorrect because cord care involves more than just managing bleeding. It is primarily aimed at preventing infection and promoting healing. Option B) Alcohol is the only agent used for cord care, is incorrect because alcohol can be too harsh and may dry out the skin, leading to irritation. Using a simple, gentle approach like keeping the cord clean and dry is preferable. Option D) It takes a minimum of 24 days for the cord to separate, is incorrect as the normal range for cord separation is typically 7-21 days. Understanding this timeline is important in assessing the healing process and identifying any potential issues that may arise. In an educational context, it is important to emphasize evidence-based practices in cord care to ensure optimal outcomes for newborns. Teaching students the rationale behind keeping the cord dry to decrease bacterial growth equips them with the knowledge to provide safe and effective care to newborns and their families. This understanding also highlights the importance of ongoing assessment and monitoring to detect any signs of infection early and intervene promptly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B, "question anyone who is seen walking in the hallways carrying an infant," is the most appropriate measure to prevent newborn kidnapping. This is because questioning individuals carrying infants allows for immediate identification of unauthorized personnel who may pose a risk. This action can help ensure the safety and security of newborns in the hospital. Option A, instructing the mother not to give her infant to anyone except the assigned nurse, may not be effective as it relies solely on the mother's compliance and may not prevent unauthorized individuals from gaining access to the infant. Option C, allowing only visitors with identification bracelets, may be too restrictive and may not account for individuals who may try to gain unauthorized access through manipulation or deceit. Option D, restricting the time infants are out of the nursery, does not address the issue of unauthorized individuals gaining access to the infant at any time. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses in maternal and reproductive health to be vigilant and proactive in ensuring the safety of newborns. Understanding and implementing appropriate security measures can help prevent potential risks and ensure a safe environment for both mothers and infants in the hospital setting.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of maternal and reproductive health nursing, understanding the significance of the Apgar score is crucial for assessing the newborn's immediate health status. The correct action to take if the Apgar score is less than 7 is to repeat the assessment at 1-minute intervals until the newborn is stable (Option D). This is the correct choice because the Apgar score is a quick and effective way to evaluate a newborn's condition at birth, focusing on five key areas: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. By repeating the assessment at short intervals, the nurse can monitor the newborn's progress and response to any interventions or supportive measures provided. Option A (immediately notify the physician) may not be necessary as the nurse can take immediate actions to support the newborn based on the Apgar score. Option B (immediately administer oxygen) should be based on the clinical assessment and not solely on the Apgar score. Option C (immediately transfer the newborn to the NICU) is not always necessary if the newborn's condition can be stabilized with immediate interventions and monitoring. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of prompt and systematic assessment in newborn care. Nurses must be equipped with the knowledge and skills to interpret Apgar scores accurately and respond appropriately to ensure the best outcomes for newborns in the critical moments after birth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct first nursing action is B) Begin administration of 40% humidified oxygen via hood. This choice is the most appropriate because the infant is displaying signs of respiratory distress, indicated by expiratory grunting and substernal retractions, which require immediate intervention to support adequate oxygenation. Option A, placing the infant in Trendelenburg position, is incorrect because this position is not recommended for infants with respiratory distress as it can worsen their condition by increasing pressure on the chest and compromising respiratory effort. Option C, increasing the temperature of the environment, is not the priority in this situation as the infant's respiratory distress needs to be addressed first. Option D, performing a complete assessment for congenital anomalies, is important but not the immediate priority when the infant is showing signs of respiratory distress. Addressing the respiratory distress is crucial to ensure the infant's oxygenation needs are met. In an educational context, understanding the signs of respiratory distress in infants and knowing the appropriate interventions is essential for nurses working in maternal and reproductive health. Recognizing these signs early and knowing the appropriate actions to take can prevent further complications and improve outcomes for infants in distress.