When obtaining a nursing history from a patient with cancer of the urinary system, what does the nurse recognize as a risk factor associated with both kidney cancer and bladder cancer?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (D): Chronic, recurrent nephrolithiasis is a risk factor for both kidney and bladder cancer. Kidney stones can cause chronic irritation and inflammation, leading to cell changes that increase cancer risk in the urinary system. Summary of incorrect choices: A: Smoking is a risk factor for bladder cancer, but not specifically for kidney cancer. B: Family history of cancer may increase overall cancer risk, but it is not specifically associated with kidney or bladder cancer. C: Chronic use of phenacetin is a risk factor for renal pelvis cancer, not necessarily kidney or bladder cancer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rejection. Rejection is a critical complication post-transplantation where the recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted organ as foreign and attacks it. Assessing for rejection is crucial to decrease the risk of mortality as it can lead to organ failure. In contrast, while infection (choice A), malignancy (choice C), and cardiovascular disease (choice D) are also potential complications post-transplantation, rejection poses the most immediate threat to the survival of the transplanted organ and patient. Regular monitoring, prompt identification, and intervention for rejection are essential in improving transplant outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Maintaining a regular activity program for Mr. Reed is crucial for his overall health and recovery post-discharge. Regular physical activity helps improve circulation, strength, and mental well-being. This is particularly important for patients recovering from an illness or surgery to prevent muscle atrophy and promote healing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly related to discharge teaching for Mr. Reed. Taking calcium supplements, teaching signs of chronic kidney disease, and increasing milk intake may be relevant for other health conditions but are not specifically mentioned as important elements for Mr. Reed's discharge teaching.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (40g) because the recommended daily protein intake for an average adult is around 0.8g per kg of body weight. Let's say Susan weighs 50kg, then her recommended protein intake would be 40g (50kg x 0.8g/kg). Option A (60g) is higher than the calculated amount. Option B (29g) is too low for an average adult. Option D (120g) is too high and exceeds the recommended intake, which could strain the kidneys and other organs.