When nitroglycerin has to be taken for chest pain, the route is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of medication administration, understanding the appropriate route of administration is crucial to ensure optimal patient outcomes. In the case of nitroglycerin for chest pain, the correct route is sublingual (option C) due to its rapid onset of action. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator used to relieve angina by dilating blood vessels and improving blood flow to the heart. When administered sublingually, the medication is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes under the tongue, allowing for quick systemic distribution and rapid relief of symptoms. This route bypasses the first-pass metabolism in the liver, leading to a faster onset of action compared to oral administration. Option A (oral administration) is not appropriate for nitroglycerin in the acute management of chest pain because the medication would be subject to degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism, delaying its therapeutic effects. Option B (buccal administration) involves placing the medication between the cheek and gum, which is not the recommended route for nitroglycerin and may not provide the same rapid absorption as sublingual administration. Option D (rectal administration) is not indicated for nitroglycerin for chest pain as it does not offer the same rapid absorption and reliable onset of action as sublingual administration. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the correct route of medication administration is essential for nursing and medical students preparing for exams like the NCLEX. It not only ensures safe and effective patient care but also demonstrates knowledge of pharmacological principles and the rationale behind specific drug administration practices. By grasping the nuances of drug delivery routes, healthcare professionals can optimize treatment outcomes and provide quality care to patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) page the nurse and let him/her know what you observed. This option is the most appropriate because it demonstrates a proactive approach to patient care and safety. By informing the nurse of the individual's increased sleepiness, the nurse can assess if this is a potential side effect of the new medication. Option B) do nothing, it should stop in a few days, is incorrect because it neglects the importance of monitoring and addressing changes in the individual's condition promptly. Waiting for a few days could result in a worsening of the individual's symptoms or the potential for a medication-related adverse event. Option C) only give half the medication and see if he sleeps less, is incorrect as it goes against safe medication administration practices. Altering the prescribed dosage without consulting the healthcare provider can lead to ineffective treatment or harm to the individual. Option D) tell the case manager the individual is sleeping more, is also incorrect as the case manager may not have immediate medical training to address the situation effectively. It is crucial to involve the nurse who can directly assess the individual's condition and make informed decisions regarding their care. In an educational context, understanding the importance of timely and accurate medication administration and observation of side effects is essential for healthcare providers, including nursing students preparing for the NCLEX exam. This scenario highlights the significance of communication within the healthcare team and the prioritization of patient safety. It reinforces the need for healthcare professionals to be vigilant in monitoring patients for changes in their condition and to promptly report any concerns to the appropriate personnel for further evaluation and intervention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) orthostatic hypotension. When administering medications for hypertension, a common side effect is orthostatic hypotension, which is a sudden drop in blood pressure when transitioning from lying down to standing up. This occurs because antihypertensive medications lower blood pressure, potentially causing dizziness or lightheadedness upon standing. Option B) photophobia is incorrect because it refers to sensitivity to light, which is not a typical side effect of hypertension medications. Option C) fever is incorrect as it is not a common side effect of antihypertensive drugs but may indicate an underlying infection or other medical condition. Option D) psychosis is also incorrect because it is not a recognized side effect of medications used to treat hypertension. Educational Context: Understanding the side effects of medications used to treat hypertension is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective patient care. By knowing the common side effects like orthostatic hypotension, healthcare providers can monitor patients closely for these adverse reactions and take appropriate actions to prevent complications. Educating patients about potential side effects also empowers them to report any unusual symptoms promptly. This knowledge enhances medication safety and contributes to better patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this NCLEX question, the correct answer is A) upset stomach. Aluminum carbonate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium hydroxide are all antacids commonly used to treat symptoms of heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach. These medications work by neutralizing excess stomach acid to provide relief from symptoms. Option B) skin rash is incorrect because antacids are not used to treat skin conditions. Option C) heart disease is incorrect because while some medications may be used to manage heart disease, antacids are specifically indicated for gastrointestinal issues related to excess acid. Option D) sleeplessness is also incorrect as antacids do not address sleep-related concerns. Educationally, this question assesses the test-taker's understanding of the uses of common antacid medications. Understanding the indications for medications is crucial for nursing practice to ensure safe and effective patient care. By recognizing the correct answer and understanding why the other options are incorrect, nurses can make informed decisions when administering medications and educating patients on their use.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of medication administration, a 'controlled substance' refers to a medication that has a high potential for abuse and is regulated by the government. Option B, which states that controlled substances must be counted at the end of each shift, is the correct answer. This is because controlled substances need to be carefully monitored and tracked to prevent diversion or misuse. Counting these medications helps ensure that they are being used appropriately and are not being taken without authorization. Option A is incorrect because controlled substances do need to be locked in a secure medication cabinet or room to prevent unauthorized access. Option C is incorrect as all medications, including controlled substances, have the potential for side effects. Option D is incorrect as the term 'controlled substance' does not refer to a medication given to control side effects but rather to the level of regulation around the drug due to its abuse potential. Educationally, understanding the concept of controlled substances is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals to ensure safe medication administration practices. By correctly identifying and handling controlled substances, healthcare providers can contribute to preventing drug diversion, ensuring patient safety, and complying with legal regulations. It is essential for nursing students preparing for the NCLEX exam to grasp these concepts to demonstrate their competency in medication administration and adherence to legal and ethical standards in healthcare practice.