When monitoring a patient who is taking hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL), the nurse notes that which drug is most likely to cause a severe interaction with the diuretic?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) is a diuretic that can cause electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia (low potassium levels). Digitalis (digoxin) is a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions, and its therapeutic effect is dependent on adequate potassium levels. If a patient taking hydrochlorothiazide becomes hypokalemic and then takes digitalis, it can lead to an increased risk of digitalis toxicity. This severe interaction highlights the importance of monitoring potassium levels and potential drug interactions when patients are taking hydrochlorothiazide. Potassium supplements would help counteract the potassium loss caused by hydrochlorothiazide and minimize the risk of interactions with digitalis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pentamidine (Pentam) is a medication used for the treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS. A known side effect of pentamidine therapy is ocular toxicity, including retinal damage. The nurse must closely monitor the client for signs and symptoms of retinal toxicity, such as changes in vision, eye pain, or sensitivity to light. Regular ophthalmologic evaluations may also be necessary to detect any ocular complications early and prevent permanent damage. Hence, observing for signs of retinal damage is crucial while the client is on pentamidine infusion therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients with peptic ulcers should stop taking NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) because NSAIDs can worsen the condition and increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcer perforation. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which normally helps protect the stomach lining. Therefore, patients with peptic ulcers should avoid NSAIDs and consult their healthcare provider for alternative pain management options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic medication commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (fluid retention). It works by increasing the amount of water and salt that the kidneys remove from the blood, leading to decreased blood volume and lower blood pressure. Diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide are not used to treat inflammation, arrhythmias, or fungal infections, making option C the correct classification for this medication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic commonly used to treat conditions involving edema such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disorders. By promoting diuresis (increased urine production), furosemide helps the body eliminate excess fluid, leading to a decrease in edema or swelling. Therefore, a patient given furosemide for diuresis should experience a decrease in edema as the drug acts on the kidneys to increase urine output and eliminate extra fluids from the body.