When men age, what is the effect of prostate gland enlargement?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer to the question "When men age, what is the effect of prostate gland enlargement?" is option C) It compromises urination. Rationale: As men age, the prostate gland commonly enlarges, a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This enlargement can put pressure on the urethra, which passes through the prostate, leading to various urinary symptoms. These symptoms include increased frequency of urination, especially at night (nocturia), weak urine stream, difficulty starting or maintaining urination, dribbling at the end of urination, and incomplete emptying of the bladder. This occurs because the enlarged prostate obstructs the flow of urine, causing difficulties in the normal process of urination. Explanation of other options: A) It compromises the ability to fertilize ova: The prostate gland enlargement does not directly affect the ability to fertilize ova, as it is not involved in the reproductive process related to fertilization. B) It compromises erectile function: Prostate enlargement typically does not directly impact erectile function. Erectile dysfunction can be related to other factors such as vascular issues, hormonal imbalances, or neurological problems. D) It compromises sperm production: The prostate gland's main function is not related to sperm production. Sperm production primarily occurs in the testes and is not significantly affected by prostate gland enlargement. Educational context: Understanding the effects of prostate gland enlargement is crucial in the study of male reproductive anatomy and physiology. It is important for students to grasp how age-related changes in the male reproductive system, such as BPH, can lead to specific symptoms and complications. This knowledge is valuable for healthcare professionals in diagnosing and managing conditions affecting the prostate gland and urinary system in aging males.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In teaching a male client how to perform a testicular self-exam, it is crucial to impart accurate information regarding normal testicular anatomy. The correct answer, B, "One testis is usually larger than the other," is based on the physiological variation in testicular size, where it is common for one testis to be slightly larger or hang lower than the other due to differences in blood flow or position within the scrotum. This asymmetry is a normal variation and not indicative of pathology. Option A, "Both testes should be the same size," is incorrect because of the natural anatomical differences between the testes in many individuals. Option C, "One testis usually has a lump; the other does not," is incorrect as the presence of a lump on one testis is not a normal finding and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. Option D, "Both testes usually have lumps," is incorrect as the presence of lumps on the testes would warrant immediate medical attention as it could be a sign of a concerning issue like testicular cancer. Educationally, understanding the normal variations in testicular anatomy is essential for individuals to accurately perform self-examinations and differentiate between normal and abnormal findings. By providing this knowledge, individuals can actively participate in their health care by detecting any abnormalities early and seeking timely medical intervention. Regular testicular self-exams are an important aspect of preventive health care for males, and knowing what is normal can help alleviate unnecessary anxiety and promote early detection of potential issues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the most immediate action required is option C) Client is restless and his bladder is palpable above the symphysis pubis. This indicates acute urinary retention, a potentially serious complication of BPH that requires immediate intervention to prevent further complications like renal damage or bladder distention rupture. Prompt catheterization or medical intervention is necessary to relieve the obstruction. Option A is incorrect as difficulty starting the urinary stream is a common symptom of BPH and does not indicate an acute issue requiring immediate action. Option B, an elevated PSA level, is concerning for prostate pathology but does not necessitate immediate action compared to acute urinary retention. Option D, not voiding for 4 hours after drinking juice, is not as urgent as an acute bladder distention. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of BPH complications like acute urinary retention is vital for healthcare providers working in LTC facilities to ensure timely and appropriate management, preventing potential serious consequences for the client. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing urgent clinical situations and taking swift action to provide safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct order of assessment prioritizes the client who is at the highest risk, which is the 68-year-old client experiencing new-onset confusion after a bilateral orchiectomy. Assessing this client first is crucial as sudden confusion can indicate serious underlying issues such as infection, bleeding, or electrolyte imbalances post-surgery. This client's symptoms require immediate attention to prevent any further complications. Assessing the 44-year-old client receiving IV antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis would be the next priority as this client requires monitoring for the effectiveness of the treatment and possible complications related to the infection. The 77-year-old client receiving continuous bladder irrigation after a TURP and the 55-year-old client scheduled for discharge after a TURP can be assessed last as they are in relatively stable conditions compared to the other clients. Educational context: This question helps reinforce the concept of prioritizing patient care based on the urgency and severity of the client's condition. It highlights the importance of critical thinking and clinical judgment in the nursing practice to ensure the safety and well-being of the clients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Age of menarche, the first menstruation. When obtaining a thorough baseline history of a client related to the reproductive system, understanding the age of menarche is crucial as it provides valuable information about the client's hormonal development and menstrual cycle patterns. This information helps in assessing reproductive health, identifying potential issues, and planning appropriate care. Option B) Accident history is unrelated to obtaining a baseline history of the reproductive system. While it may be important for overall health assessment, it does not directly contribute to understanding the reproductive health of the client. Option C) Mother's past menstruation patterns are also irrelevant to obtaining a baseline history of the client's reproductive system. While family history can provide insights into potential genetic predispositions, it does not give direct information about the client's reproductive health status. Option D) Frequency of sexual activities, while important in certain contexts like assessing risk for sexually transmitted infections or fertility issues, does not provide information necessary for establishing a baseline history of the client's reproductive system. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind obtaining specific information related to the reproductive system is essential for healthcare providers to conduct comprehensive assessments, make informed decisions, and provide individualized care. By focusing on relevant aspects like the age of menarche, nurses can gather pertinent data to support their clinical judgment and promote optimal reproductive health outcomes for their clients.