When Melissa was a small child, she insisted that she was a boy, refused to wear dresses, and wanted to be called Mitch. As Melissa reached puberty, she no longer displayed a desire to be male. This change in identity is considered:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Choice C, "Normal," is correct because many children go through phases where they experiment with gender identity. Melissa's behavior was typical of a child exploring their identity and is not indicative of a permanent gender identity. Gender dysphoria (A) involves persistent distress due to a disconnect between assigned gender and gender identity, which doesn't apply here. Reaction formation (B) involves expressing the opposite of one's true feelings, which doesn't fit the scenario. Early transgender syndrome (D) is a made-up term and not a recognized psychological concept.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: personal health literacy. Personal health literacy refers to an individual's ability to access, understand, evaluate, and communicate health information to make informed decisions about their health. This term specifically focuses on an individual's skills and capabilities in managing health-related information. A: Advanced directives are legal documents that outline an individual's wishes regarding medical treatment in the event they are unable to communicate their preferences. This is not the same as the ability to understand and apply health-related information. C: Organizational health literacy refers to an organization's capacity to provide health information and services effectively to its members or employees. This choice does not address an individual's personal ability to manage health information. D: Information literacy is the ability to access, evaluate, and use information effectively. While this is a related concept, personal health literacy is more specific to health-related information and decision-making.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: dysfunctional relationships. Most personality disorders involve difficulties in forming and maintaining healthy relationships, which is a common characteristic across various types of personality disorders. This is due to underlying issues with emotional regulation, impulsivity, and distorted perceptions of self and others. In contrast, fear of attention (A) is not a defining feature of personality disorders, short onset of duration (B) is not typically seen as these disorders are long-standing, and a history of violence (C) is not universal to all personality disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Choice C is correct because teaching involves presenting information to enhance understanding. - Teaching aids in promoting client and family knowledge about mental illness. - This empowers them to make informed decisions and participate in treatment. - Choices A and B involve assessment and orientation tasks, not directly related to teaching. - Choice D focuses on maintaining a therapeutic environment, not teaching content.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer D is correct: 1. The client's statement reflects a belief that their past actions are causing their current suffering. 2. This belief is consistent with the cultural influence of certain religions where illness is seen as punishment for sins. 3. The client's reference to being an "evil teenager" aligns with the idea of personal responsibility for suffering. 4. This interpretation is supported by understanding how religious beliefs can impact perceptions of illness and help-seeking behaviors. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect because the client is not exhibiting delusions of persecution, but rather expressing a belief in personal responsibility. - Choice B is incorrect as the client's statement indicates a deeper issue related to religious beliefs, not simply wanting to be left alone. - Choice C is incorrect as it generalizes all devoutly religious individuals, which is not necessarily true for all individuals within a religious group.