When lifting a bedside cabinet to move it closer to a client, what action should the nurse take to prevent self-injury?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Keep the feet close together. This helps maintain a stable base of support, improving balance and reducing the risk of injury. The wider the base of support, the more stable the body is during lifting. Keeping the feet close together also helps distribute the weight evenly and allows for better control over the movement. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Using the back muscles for lifting can lead to strain and injury. It is important to use the legs and core muscles instead. C: Standing close to the cabinet when lifting may cause strain due to limited range of motion. It is better to maintain a comfortable distance. D: Bending at the waist increases the risk of back injury. Instead, it is recommended to bend at the knees and hips while keeping the back straight.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because many nurses felt frustrated with the lack of independent functioning after the Vietnam War. This is a significant challenge as nurses were accustomed to a high level of autonomy in field hospitals during wartime but faced restrictions in civilian healthcare settings. This led to dissatisfaction and a sense of limitation in their professional roles. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: Nursing contributing to the stigma of AIDS in the 1980s out of fear is not a challenge that the profession faced but rather a societal issue related to lack of knowledge and fear of the disease. B: Nursing practice flourishing in field hospitals during the Korean War with abundant supplies and equipment is not a challenge but a positive aspect of nursing history. D: A decline in the number of hospice nurses due to ethical dilemmas is a specific problem related to hospice care and not a widespread challenge faced by the entire profession of nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because nursing ethics primarily concern the ethical principles, duties, and rules of behavior that guide professional nurses in their practice. This includes aspects such as patient confidentiality, informed consent, and beneficence. A is incorrect because nursing ethics are not limited to the organizational level but extend to individual actions within the profession. C is incorrect as while moral character is important, nursing ethics are more about professional responsibilities and conduct. D is incorrect because while the experiences and needs of nurses are important, nursing ethics are primarily about how nurses interact with patients, families, and colleagues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ethical principles can indeed serve as the foundation for laws. Laws often reflect societal ethical values and principles. Ethical principles provide a moral framework that lawmakers may use to create laws that promote justice and fairness. By basing laws on ethical principles, societies aim to uphold shared values and promote good conduct. In contrast, A is incorrect as the government enforces laws, not ethics. B is incorrect because laws are legal rules, not ethical principles. C is incorrect as ethics are principles of right and wrong, not necessarily highly detailed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The unit director should follow the institution's formal process for reporting and handling practices that jeopardize patient safety when dealing with an incompetent employee. 1. Firstly, it is important to prioritize patient safety above all else. 2. By following the institution's formal process, the director ensures that the proper steps are taken to address the incompetence effectively. 3. This approach also promotes transparency and accountability within the organization. 4. It aligns with ethical principles of duty to care and responsibility for patient well-being. The other choices are incorrect: A: Tolerating incompetence is not an acceptable approach as it can compromise patient safety. B: Incompetence can have broader impacts beyond the individual nurse, such as affecting patient outcomes and overall team performance. D: While nurse practice acts may provide guidance, the institution's specific procedures should be followed to address incompetence effectively.