When is the best time for the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurse to initiate an individualized stimulation program for the preterm newborn?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Initiating an individualized stimulation program for a preterm newborn in the NICU should be based on the readiness of the newborn. The optimal time to start such a program is when the newborn's developmental organization and stability are sufficient to handle the stimulation. Premature newborns often require a period of stabilization and development before they can effectively engage with stimulation activities. Initiating stimulation programs too early may overwhelm the newborn or hinder their progress. Therefore, waiting until the newborn is developmentally ready ensures that the stimulation program is appropriate and beneficial for their individual needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Guthrie blood test, also known as the newborn screening test, is used to diagnose phenylketonuria (PKU) in newborns. PKU is an inherited metabolic disorder in which the body cannot properly process the amino acid phenylalanine. If left untreated, PKU can lead to intellectual disabilities and other serious health problems. The Guthrie blood test is a simple and effective way to detect PKU early so that treatment can begin promptly to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When the nurse interviews an adolescent, allowing an opportunity for the adolescent to express their feelings is especially important. Adolescents are at a stage in life where they are developing their own identity and dealing with a range of emotions. Providing a safe space for them to open up about their thoughts and feelings can help the nurse better understand and address their needs. This can also build a trustful relationship between the nurse and the adolescent, leading to more effective communication and care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A satisfactory radial pulse can be taken in children as young as 1 year old. The radial pulse is commonly checked in the wrist and is a valuable indicator of cardiac function. Children as young as 1 year old can have a palpable radial pulse, allowing healthcare providers to assess their heart rate and rhythm. It is important to be gentle when palpating a pulse in young children to avoid causing discomfort or distress.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a normal healthy individual, the rate of the radial pulse (peripheral pulse) and the heart rate (apical pulse) should be the same. This is because each heartbeat should result in a corresponding pulse felt at the radial artery in the wrist. The pulse is generated by the heart's contraction and the subsequent ejection of blood into the arteries, causing a wave of pressure that can be felt as the pulse. Therefore, in a healthy individual, the radial pulse rate should match the heart rate. If there is a significant difference between the two rates, it may indicate a cardiovascular abnormality or other underlying health condition that warrants further investigation.