When instructing the client with chronic stable angina it should be emphasized that angina may be brought on by many precipitating factors including the following:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Consumption of a heavy meal can lead to increased blood flow to the digestive system, causing a temporary reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle. Step 2: This reduction can trigger angina symptoms in individuals with chronic stable angina. Step 3: Emphasizing this to the client helps in understanding potential triggers to manage their condition effectively. Step 4: Rest (A) is usually recommended to relieve angina, sudden change in position (B) is not a common trigger, and severe depression (C) can exacerbate angina but is not a direct precipitating factor like heavy meals.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by destruction of lung tissue, leading to loss of elasticity and increased compliance. Increased compliance means the lungs are easier to expand, contrary to decreased compliance seen in the other conditions listed. Lung fibrosis, increased pulmonary venous pressure, and prolonged lung collapse all lead to decreased lung compliance by causing stiffness, fluid accumulation, and reduced lung expansion, respectively. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not decrease lung compliance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fighting the ventilator. This indicates inadequate muscle relaxation, requiring another dose of pancuronium. Leg, finger, and lip movements are not reliable indicators of muscle relaxation in a mechanically ventilated patient. Fighting the ventilator suggests the patient is not adequately sedated or paralyzed, requiring further intervention to maintain optimal ventilation and oxygenation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Having the client take deep breaths. This action facilitates obtaining a sputum specimen by helping the client to cough and expectorate sputum effectively. Deep breaths help to mobilize secretions, making it easier for the client to produce a quality specimen. Limiting fluid intake (choice A) can lead to dehydration and thickening of secretions, making it harder to obtain a specimen. Asking the client to spit into the container (choice C) may result in contamination with saliva. Asking the client to obtain the specimen after eating (choice D) can introduce food particles into the specimen, affecting the accuracy of the test.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The airborne route. Tuberculosis is primarily transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing droplets containing the TB bacteria. These droplets can be inhaled by others, leading to the transmission of the disease. This mode of transmission is supported by scientific evidence and is well-documented in medical literature. Choice A (Hand to mouth) is incorrect because TB is not typically transmitted through direct contact with contaminated hands to mouth. Choice C (The fecal-oral route) is incorrect as TB is not transmitted through fecal-oral route but primarily through respiratory droplets. Choice D (Blood and body fluids) is incorrect as TB is not commonly transmitted through blood or body fluids, but rather through respiratory droplets in the air.