When handed the consent form to sign before treatment could be given, a client looked at the nurse and said, 'I'm sorry; I forgot my glasses today.' Which action should be taken by the nurse?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Institute of Medicine report related that millions of U.S. adults are unable to read and act on health instructions and messages. Among the recommendations is a need for clear communication with clients. Because the underlying issue may be reading, the other responses are not appropriate suggestions for this nurse-client interaction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The models are very useful in relation to changing individual behaviors, but they do not address the complex relationships among social, structural, and physical factors in the environment, such as lack of social support systems or inaccessible health services. Changes are needed to improve care for socially and politically disenfranchised groups. Knowledge is always within a social context and is always bound to power relationships. A nurse cannot assign power and control to an individual. The individual must take on power, although perhaps with the nurse's guidance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Healthy People 2030. The rationale is that Healthy People 2030 provides national health objectives and benchmarks to compare local health patterns against. It offers comprehensive data on national health priorities and goals. The other choices - B: Key informant interview, C: U.S. Census data, and D: Focus group report - do not specifically provide national health patterns for benchmarking purposes, making them incorrect options for this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prioritize community health problems. After defining the community and gathering data, the next step in the CHA process is to prioritize the identified health problems. This step involves assessing the data collected, determining which issues are most critical, and deciding which ones to address first. Prioritizing helps focus resources and efforts on areas with the greatest impact. Choice A (Share results with the community) is incorrect as it typically comes later in the process, after prioritizing and planning interventions. Choice C (Evaluate progress) is also incorrect as evaluation usually occurs after implementing interventions. Choice D (Plan implementation strategies) is premature without first prioritizing the health problems.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in constructivist theory, learners build on their existing knowledge. By assessing their knowledge about smoking cessation, the nurse can tailor the education program to address gaps and build upon what participants already know. This approach promotes active engagement and meaningful learning. A: Rewarding positive behaviors may align more with behaviorism than constructivism, focusing on external reinforcement rather than internal meaning-making. B: Encouraging reflection is important in constructivism, but assessing knowledge first is crucial to ensure that reflection is based on accurate information. C: Modeling desired behaviors is effective in observational learning but may not fully align with the principles of constructivism, which emphasize individual meaning-making and knowledge construction.