When giving digoxin (Lanoxin) to a patient, the health care provider notices various

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Digoxin toxicity can lead to serious complications, such as arrhythmias and heart failure. Digibind, also known as digoxin immune fab, is a specific antidote used to treat severe cases of digoxin toxicity. It works by binding to digoxin in the body and forming a complex that is then excreted through the kidneys, effectively reversing the toxic effects of digoxin. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdose, Vitamin K is used to reverse warfarin overdose, and Fluemanzil is not a medication used for reversing digoxin toxicity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can occur after exposure to penicillin or other antibiotics. It is considered a serious adverse reaction because it can be life-threatening. Symptoms of anaphylaxis may include difficulty breathing, hives, swelling of the face and throat, rapid heartbeat, and a drop in blood pressure. Immediate medical attention is required if an individual experiences anaphylaxis after taking penicillin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Penicillin is typically administered to adults intravenously (IV) when a rapid onset of action is needed, such as in cases of severe infections or when the medication needs to reach high concentrations in the bloodstream quickly to be effective. Intravenous administration allows for immediate delivery of the medication directly into the bloodstream, ensuring efficient and quick distribution throughout the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Anticholinergic drugs are commonly used as premedication to general anesthesia to reduce secretions. These medications work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates secretions in the body. By inhibiting this action, anticholinergics help in reducing respiratory secretions, saliva, and other bodily fluids during anesthesia induction and maintenance. This can help prevent complications such as airway obstruction and aspiration during the surgical procedure. Examples of commonly used anticholinergic drugs for this purpose include atropine and glycopyrrolate.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sedatives and hypnotics are drugs that belong to the class of central nervous system depressants. These drugs work by slowing down the activity of the brain and the central nervous system, leading to a calming or sedative effect. They are commonly prescribed to induce sleep (hypnotics) or reduce anxiety (sedatives) by depressing the excitability of nerve cells. This property makes them effective in producing sedation, relaxation, and sleep in individuals. Therefore, the correct classification for sedatives and hypnotics is as depressants.