ATI RN
Patient-Centered Care UNMC Addiction Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
When forced to deal with a fire, which type of fire extinguisher would be most effective for suppressing ordinary combustible material that smells like gasoline?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Type B fire extinguisher. Gasoline falls under Class B fires, involving flammable liquids such as gasoline. Type B fire extinguishers are specifically designed to suppress fires involving flammable liquids and gases. They typically contain dry chemical agents like sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate, which work by smothering the fire and interrupting the chemical reaction. A: ABC all-purpose fire extinguisher is suitable for multiple types of fires but may not be as effective for Class B fires involving flammable liquids like gasoline. C: Class C fire extinguisher is designed for electrical fires, not for fires involving flammable liquids. D: Type A fire extinguisher is not a standard classification and does not exist in fire extinguisher ratings.
Question 2 of 5
You are called to assist a 44-year-old male who was struck in the head with a large socket wrench at work. On arrival, the patient is conscious but confused; he complains he developed a sudden-onset severe headache moments after a wrench slipped off under pressure striking him in the temporal region of the skull. Co-workers state he was unconscious with abnormal posturing for about three minutes prior to EMS arrival. He states the headache went from the worst headache of his life to a dull throbbing headache and new-onset dizziness and nausea. His pupils are unequal with the right eye sluggish to respond while his grips remain equal but weak. As you continue your evaluation, he suddenly develops projectile vomiting and loses consciousness. Which of the following injuries is most likely to cause his presentation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epidural hematoma. In this case, the patient experienced a history of head trauma with a lucid interval followed by a rapid deterioration of symptoms, including severe headache, dizziness, nausea, unequal pupil response, weakness, and vomiting leading to unconsciousness. These signs are indicative of an epidural hematoma, which is typically caused by arterial bleeding between the dura mater and the skull following a traumatic head injury. The classic presentation of a lucid interval followed by a rapid decline in neurological status is a key feature of epidural hematoma. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: Subdural hematoma - Typically presents with a slower onset of symptoms and is more common in elderly patients or those with a history of alcohol abuse. C: Subarachnoid hematoma - Usually presents with a sudden severe headache, often described as a thunderclap headache, and is associated with a history of sudden exertion or str
Question 3 of 5
The human body regulates homeostasis by communicating at the cellular level through the nervous and endocrine systems. Which of the following is responsible for serving as the command and control center for linking the systems together?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus serves as the command and control center for linking the nervous and endocrine systems. It regulates body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other vital functions. Rationale: 1. The hypothalamus is located in the brain and plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating hormone secretion from the pituitary gland. 2. It receives input from the nervous system and sends signals to the pituitary gland to release hormones that control various bodily functions. 3. The hypothalamus also controls the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary processes such as heart rate and digestion. 4. The adrenal gland (B), thyroid gland (C), and pituitary gland (D) are important components of the endocrine system, but they do not serve as the central command center for linking the nervous and endocrine systems together.
Question 4 of 5
Electrician electrocuted, exit wound on foot, blood in urine, initial management?: "Immediate angiography"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Aggressive fluid infusion." In this scenario, the electrician likely suffered electrical burns leading to muscle breakdown and subsequent release of myoglobin into the bloodstream, causing renal damage. Aggressive fluid infusion helps prevent myoglobin-induced acute kidney injury by maintaining high urine output to flush out myoglobin. This initial management is crucial to prevent further kidney damage. Choice B: "Intravenous pyelography" is incorrect as it is a diagnostic imaging test for the urinary system, not a treatment for acute kidney injury. Choice C: "Debridement of necrotic muscle" is not the immediate priority and can be considered later if necessary. Choice D: "Admission to the ICU for observation" is not sufficient as immediate intervention is needed to prevent renal damage.
Question 5 of 5
Hemorrhage of 20% of the patient's blood volume is associated usually with:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tachycardia. When a patient experiences hemorrhage of 20% of blood volume, the body compensates by increasing heart rate to maintain adequate blood flow and oxygen delivery. Tachycardia is a common physiological response to hemorrhage. Oliguria (A) is reduced urine output, which may occur with severe dehydration but not specifically with hemorrhage. Confusion (B) is more likely to occur with severe hypovolemic shock rather than with a 20% blood loss. Hypotension (C) typically occurs with more significant blood loss, around 30% or more. Tachycardia is the earliest and most sensitive indicator of hemorrhage.