When educating a patient recently placed on inhaled corticosteroids, the nurse will discuss which potential adverse effects?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because inhaled corticosteroids can lead to oral candidiasis (thrush) due to local immunosuppression and dry mouth. This is because corticosteroids can disrupt the oral mucosa's normal flora and reduce salivary flow. Fatigue and depression (A), anxiety and palpitations (B), and headache and rapid heart rate (C) are not typically associated with inhaled corticosteroid use.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. When two drugs with the same effect are taken together, and their effects sum up equally, it indicates an additive effect. 2. Additive effect means the combined effect is simply the sum of individual effects. 3. Antagonism is when the effect of one drug reduces or cancels out the effect of another. 4. Potentiation is when one drug enhances the effect of another, not equal sum. 5. None of the above is incorrect as the scenario described fits the definition of an additive effect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Procaine does not readily penetrate the skin and mucosa. This is because procaine is a local anesthetic with poor lipid solubility, making it less able to penetrate through skin and mucosa efficiently. The other choices are incorrect because: A is correct as procaine contains an ester linkage; B is correct as procaine's metabolic product para-aminobenzoic acid can inhibit sulfonamide action; and D is correct as procaine is relatively short-acting compared to other local anesthetics like lidocaine. Therefore, C is the correct answer as it does not align with the properties of procaine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Scopolamine is effective for vestibular disturbances due to its central anticholinergic effects. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and blocks muscarinic receptors in the vestibular nuclei, helping to alleviate motion sickness. Atropine (A) mainly affects peripheral muscarinic receptors, not as effective. Ipratropium (B) is a bronchodilator, not used for motion sickness. Homatropine (D) is primarily used for ophthalmic purposes, not vestibular issues. Therefore, C is the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epinephrine is not synthesized in the nerve endings. It is produced in the adrenal medulla and released into the bloodstream in response to stress. It travels through the blood to target tissues where it interacts with adrenoreceptors, leading to various physiological responses. Epinephrine does not directly interact with nerve endings for synthesis or action. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because epinephrine is indeed synthesized in the adrenal medulla, transported in the blood to target tissues, and directly interacts with and activates adrenoreceptors, respectively.