When doing an initial assessment, the best way for you to identify the client¢â‚¬â„¢s priority problem is to:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and healthcare, the correct answer, B) Talk to the relatives to gather data about history of illness, is the best way to identify the client's priority problem during an initial assessment. This approach allows for obtaining crucial information about the client's medical history, which can provide valuable insights into potential underlying conditions and risk factors. By gathering information from relatives, the healthcare provider can uncover important details that may not be readily available from the client. Option A, interviewing the client for chief complaints and other symptoms, is important in gathering the client's perspective. However, relying solely on the client's self-report may not provide a comprehensive picture, especially if the client is unable to communicate effectively or is unaware of certain aspects of their medical history. Option C, doing auscultation to check for chest congestion, and option D, conducting a physical examination while asking relevant questions, are important components of a comprehensive assessment but may not always reveal the client's priority problem during the initial assessment. In an educational context, this question highlights the significance of obtaining a thorough medical history, including information from relatives, to ensure a holistic approach to client care. Understanding the importance of gathering comprehensive data during the initial assessment is essential for healthcare providers, especially in pharmacology, to make informed decisions regarding medication management and treatment plans.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In acute care situations, the preferred route of medication administration is intravenous (IV) for several reasons. Firstly, IV administration allows for the rapid onset of action, making it ideal for situations where immediate drug effects are needed to stabilize a patient quickly. Secondly, the IV route ensures 100% bioavailability, as the medication goes directly into the bloodstream, bypassing first-pass metabolism. This is crucial in emergency settings where precise dosing and drug absorption are critical. Additionally, IV administration allows for the titration of drug doses to achieve the desired therapeutic effect promptly. Regarding the other options: - Subcutaneous (option C) and intramuscular (option D) routes are not preferred in acute care situations because they have slower absorption rates compared to IV administration. In emergency scenarios, the goal is to achieve rapid drug action to address the acute issue efficiently. - Epidural administration (option B) is specific to localized pain management rather than systemic drug delivery, making it inappropriate for most acute care situations. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the preferred routes of medication administration in acute care settings is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide timely and effective patient care. Knowledge of pharmacology principles, including route selection based on the clinical scenario, ensures that medications are administered safely and efficiently to optimize patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) 1 tsp of salt/day with iodine and sprinkle of MSG. This response is correct because it reflects the current dietary guidelines for salt intake, which recommend limiting sodium consumption to around 1 teaspoon of salt per day. Additionally, the mention of iodine is crucial as iodized salt helps prevent iodine deficiency, which can lead to thyroid issues. Option B) 5 gms per day or 1 tsp of table salt/day is incorrect as it suggests a higher salt intake than recommended by health authorities, which can contribute to hypertension and other health problems. Option C) 1 tbsp of salt/day with some patis and toyo is excessive in terms of salt intake and includes additional sources of sodium, which can further increase the risk of health issues. Option D) 1 tsp of salt/day but no patis and toyo is incorrect as it does not provide a complete answer to Mr. Bruno's question and lacks the important mention of iodine for overall health. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare professionals to be well-versed in current dietary guidelines to provide accurate and helpful information to patients. Understanding the impact of salt intake on health and knowing how to communicate this information effectively is crucial in promoting overall wellness and disease prevention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of applying a transdermal patch of nitroglycerin, the correct answer is D) Wear gloves to avoid any medication on your hand. This is because nitroglycerin is a potent vasodilator medication that can be absorbed through the skin, potentially causing adverse effects if it comes into contact with the skin of the person applying the patch. Option A is incorrect because it is important to apply the patch to a hairless clean area of the skin not subject to much wrinkling to ensure proper absorption of the medication. Option B is incorrect because patches should not be applied to distal parts of the extremities like the forearm as this may affect the absorption rate of the medication. Option C is incorrect because changing the application site regularly is essential to prevent skin irritation and ensure proper drug delivery. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the proper administration of transdermal medications like nitroglycerin to ensure patient safety and optimal therapeutic outcomes. Following correct guidelines for application can help prevent medication errors and minimize the risk of adverse effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of nursing management, the correct leadership style for a team of talented and self-motivated individuals, like the one Nurse Manager DMLM has, is a Democratic leadership style (option C). This is because a Democratic leadership approach values input from team members, encourages participation in decision-making, and fosters a sense of ownership and commitment among staff. Autocratic leadership (option A) is characterized by top-down decision-making without much input from team members, which can demotivate talented individuals who value autonomy and self-direction. Participative leadership (option B) involves collaboration between leaders and team members in decision-making, which can be effective but may not fully leverage the initiative and capabilities of self-motivated individuals. Laissez-Faire leadership (option D) is a hands-off approach where leaders provide little guidance or direction, which may not be suitable for a team of talented individuals who may benefit from more structure and support. In a healthcare setting like nursing, where teamwork, communication, and collaboration are crucial, a Democratic leadership style empowers staff, promotes a positive work environment, and enhances job satisfaction and performance. It allows for shared decision-making, effective communication, and a sense of inclusivity among team members, ultimately leading to better outcomes for both patients and staff.