ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
When does the amount of H+ generated from CO2 increase?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because when the rate of CO2 removal by the lungs is less than the rate of CO2 production by the tissues, more CO2 accumulates in the body. This excess CO2 leads to an increase in carbonic acid formation, which then dissociates into H+ ions and bicarbonate ions. Therefore, the amount of H+ generated from CO2 increases in this scenario. Choice A is incorrect because protein catabolism and anabolism are not directly related to the generation of H+ from CO2. Choice B is incorrect as a slower rate of protein catabolism compared to anabolism does not impact CO2 levels and H+ generation. Choice C is incorrect because a higher rate of CO2 removal by the lungs would lead to a decrease in CO2 levels, resulting in less H+ generation.
Question 2 of 5
An ECG technician is performing an ECG on a hospital patient who has developed hypokalemia secondary to diuretic use. Which of the following manifestations of the client's health problem will the technician anticipate on the ECG?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A prominent U wave and a flattened T wave. Hypokalemia results in low potassium levels, affecting the heart's electrical activity. Prominent U waves and flattened T waves are typical ECG findings in hypokalemia due to delayed repolarization. A: Irregular heart rate and a peaked T wave are not typical manifestations of hypokalemia on an ECG. B: A low T wave and an absent P wave are not characteristic ECG findings in hypokalemia. D: A narrow QRS complex and an absent U wave are not typical ECG findings in hypokalemia.
Question 3 of 5
A 56-year-old female hospital patient with a history of alcohol abuse is receiving intravenous (IV) phosphate replacement. Which of the following health problems will this IV therapy most likely resolve?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The client is acidotic and has impaired platelet function. IV phosphate replacement helps correct acidosis by buffering excess hydrogen ions and restoring normal pH levels. Acidosis can impair platelet function, leading to bleeding disorders. A: The client has an accumulation of fluid in her peritoneal cavity - IV phosphate replacement does not directly address this issue. C: The client has an irregular heart rate and a thready pulse - IV phosphate replacement does not directly affect heart rate and pulse rhythm. D: The client has abdominal spasms and hyperactive reflexes - IV phosphate replacement does not directly address these symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
An elderly patient presents with confusion, muscle cramps, and a serum sodium level of 118 mEq/L. What is the most appropriate treatment plan?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Provide hypertonic saline slowly. In this scenario, the patient has hyponatremia (low serum sodium level), which can lead to neurological symptoms like confusion and muscle cramps. The treatment goal is to increase sodium levels gradually to avoid complications such as osmotic demyelination syndrome. Hypertonic saline is the appropriate choice as it will raise sodium levels effectively without causing rapid shifts that can be harmful. Isotonic saline (choice A) may not provide enough sodium correction, fluid restriction (choice B) may worsen symptoms, and encouraging high-sodium foods (choice D) may not be sufficient or controlled.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is discussing weight loss with a nurse. The patient says, I will not eat for 2 weeks, then I will lose at least 10 pounds. What should the nurse tell the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fasting for two weeks will slow the metabolic rate as the body conserves energy, making weight loss harder and potentially causing health issues.