When does the active phase of labor begin according to ACOG?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The active phase of labor begins at 6 cm dilation according to ACOG guidelines. At this point, the cervix is significantly dilated, signaling the transition to active labor. This stage is crucial as it signifies the acceleration of labor progress and typically involves stronger contractions leading to efficient cervical dilation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the established criteria for the active phase of labor. Choice B (3 cm) is too early for active labor, choice C (5 cm) is close but not quite at the threshold for active labor, and choice D (10 cm) is actually the full dilation stage, not the beginning of active labor. Hence, choice A (6 cm) is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because during labor, progesterone levels decrease, estrogen levels increase, and oxytocin plays a key role in initiating contractions. Progesterone inhibits contractions, so its decrease is necessary for labor to start. Estrogen helps stimulate uterine contractions. Oxytocin, released from the brain, triggers and enhances contractions. Option A is incorrect because an absence of oxytocin would not initiate labor. Option B is incorrect because increased progesterone would inhibit labor. Option C is incorrect because oxytocin is needed to initiate labor.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it addresses the potential strains on relationships that can occur after the birth of a child. New parents often experience changes in their relationship dynamics due to increased responsibilities, sleep deprivation, and shifts in priorities. By preparing them for these possible strains, the nurse can help them navigate these challenges effectively. A is incorrect because roles often do change at home with the arrival of a newborn. B is incorrect as stresses can actually increase after the baby is born. C is incorrect as it dismisses the importance of addressing household changes and potential stressors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because patients who experienced a support ban during the pandemic were more likely to experience depression due to the lack of emotional and physical support during labor. This is supported by research showing the negative impact of isolation on mental health. Choices A and B are incorrect as labor support can come from various sources, not just the significant other, and patients benefit from support during labor. Choice C is incorrect as pandemic requirements did impact birth outcomes, such as increased stress and anxiety levels.