When developing a home program for self-care, which approach is the most effective?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most effective approach when developing a home program for self-care is to practice the new steps with the child until they are capable of independently carrying them out at home. This method ensures that the child has mastered the skills before transitioning to independent implementation. It is essential for the child's success in self-care activities and promotes their autonomy and confidence. Requiring the parent to practice the steps regularly and track progress, introducing new programs weekly, or having the parent teach the steps without practice may not be as beneficial in fostering the child's independence and skill acquisition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the different types of play is crucial as it provides insights into a child's developmental stage and emotional well-being. In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Exploratory play. Exploratory play is characterized by actions like looking and touching the mother's face, putting hands in one's mouth, and responding to familiar people. This type of play is common in infants and young toddlers as they learn about their environment and develop sensory-motor skills. Option B) Functional or relational play involves actions that serve a purpose, such as stacking blocks or pushing a toy car. This type of play typically emerges in toddlers and preschoolers as they engage in more purposeful activities. Option C) Pretend play involves children using their imagination to role-play scenarios or act out different roles, like pretending to be a doctor or a teacher. This type of play is common in preschool-aged children and is essential for developing creativity and social skills. Option D) Symbolic or imaginary play involves children using objects to represent something else, like using a block as a phone. This type of play emerges in older preschoolers and is important for cognitive development and abstract thinking. Understanding the nuances of play in pediatric nursing helps healthcare professionals assess a child's developmental progress, cognitive abilities, and emotional health. By recognizing the characteristics of each type of play, nurses can better support children's growth and tailor interventions to promote optimal development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Around 30-33 weeks after conception, infants usually start closing their eyes in response to bright lights and exhibit enhanced head control. This developmental milestone indicates progress in their visual and motor abilities, reflecting the maturation of their neurological system. As preterm infants continue to grow and develop, they gradually acquire these skills, showcasing the natural progression of their sensory and motor functions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When evaluating infants and young children in early intervention services, it is crucial to gather information from multiple sources, including family, caregivers, professionals, and the child. This holistic approach helps create a comprehensive understanding of the child's strengths and challenges, leading to a more effective intervention plan.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding swallowing difficulties in children is crucial for providing safe and appropriate care. The correct answer, option C) Chopped Meat, is the most difficult to swallow for young children due to its texture and consistency. Chopped meat poses a higher risk of choking compared to other options as it requires more chewing and coordination of oral muscles, which can be challenging for children with developing swallowing skills. Option A) Raw Vegetables may be difficult to swallow due to their fibrous nature, but they can be easily manipulated in the mouth or chewed with caution. Option B) Strained Fruit is typically easier to swallow as it has a smoother texture and is less likely to cause choking. Option D) Mashed Vegetables are soft and can be easily broken down in the mouth, making them safer for children with swallowing difficulties. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be aware of the varying textures and consistencies of foods to assess swallowing abilities in children accurately. By understanding the potential challenges different food types present, nurses can recommend appropriate dietary modifications to ensure safe feeding practices and prevent choking incidents in pediatric patients.