When creating a teaching program for the parents of Jessica who is diagnosed with pulmonic stenosis (PS), Nurse Alex would keep in mind that this disorder involves which of the following?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is a heart condition where there is obstruction or narrowing of the pulmonary valve, which is responsible for allowing blood to flow out of the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. This obstruction leads to decreased blood flow from the right side of the heart to the lungs, causing increased pressure in the right ventricle. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and possible heart murmurs. It is essential for Nurse Alex to educate Jessica's parents about the impact of this obstruction in the right ventricle and the importance of monitoring Jessica's symptoms and seeking appropriate medical care when needed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory condition that can affect different parts of the body, including the joints. The typical physical finding in a child with rheumatic fever is warm and swollen joints, especially in the knees and elbows. This is known as migratory arthritis and is one of the major criteria in the Jones criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever. Other major criteria include carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, and Sydenham chorea. So, in a 7-year-old child diagnosed with rheumatic fever, the nurse would expect to assess warm and swollen joints as part of the physical examination.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hip dysplasia in infants is often managed initially with a Pavlik Harness, which helps maintain the hips in the correct position for optimum development. The Pavlik Harness is typically worn for a period of 3 to 5 months, depending on the severity of the hip dysplasia and the response to treatment. If the dysplasia is more severe or does not respond well to the Pavlik Harness, further interventions such as hip spica casting or surgery may be required, but the initial treatment is usually with the Pavlik Harness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most common symptom of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) that causes a patient to seek medical attention is pain. Joint pain is a hallmark symptom of JRA and can range from mild discomfort to severe pain. This pain can be persistent or intermittent, and it often worsens with movement or activity. Pain is a significant factor that leads patients to seek medical evaluation in order to diagnose and manage their condition. While joint swelling, limited movement, and fatigue are also common symptoms of JRA, pain is typically the primary reason patients seek medical attention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder where the genes responsible for blood clotting factors are located on the X chromosome. This disorder primarily affects males, as they have only one X chromosome. Females are carriers and can pass the gene on to their sons. Hemophilia results in prolonged bleeding episodes as the blood is unable to clot properly. Thalassemia, leukemia, and sickle cell anemia are not X-linked disorders. Digoxin is a medication used for heart conditions, not related to X-linked disorders.