When creating a bar chart, the decision to use ver

Question 1 of 5

When creating a bar chart, the decision to use vertical or horizontal bars is usually based on:

A. The magnitude of the data being graphed and hence the scale of the axis B. Whether the data being graphed represent numbers or percentages C. Whether the creator is an epidemiologist (who almost always use vertical bars) D. Which looks better, such as whether the label fits below the bar

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bar orientation is a design choice, often driven by label readability.

Question 2 of 5

Why should an investigator who has no clinical background nonetheless talk to a patient or two as an early step in the outbreak investigation? (Choose one wrong answer)

A. To advise the patient about common risk factors and the usual course of the illness, after reviewing such information in appropriate reference material B. To develop hypotheses about the cause of the outbreak C. To learn more about the clinical manifestations of the disease D. To verify the clinical findings as part of verifying the diagnosis

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Talking to patients helps generate hypotheses (B) and understand symptoms (C). Advising (A) requires clinical expertise.

Question 3 of 5

Epidemiology, as defined in this lesson, would include which of the following activities? (Choose one wrong answer)

A. Describing the demographic characteristics of persons with acute aflatoxin poisoning in District A B. Prescribing an antibiotic to treat a patient with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection C. Comparing the family history, amount of exercise, and eating habits of those with and without newly diagnosed diabetes D. Recommending that a restaurant be closed after implicating it as the source of a hepatitis A outbreak

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Epidemiology describes (A) and compares (C). Prescribing (B) is clinical, not epidemiological.

Question 4 of 5

A key feature of a cross-sectional study is that: (Choose one wrong answer)

A. It usually provides information on prevalence rather than incidence B. It is limited to health exposures and behaviors rather than health outcomes C. It is more useful for descriptive epidemiology than it is for analytic epidemiology D. It is synonymous with survey

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cross-sectional studies measure prevalence (A) and include outcomes, not just exposures (B is false).

Question 5 of 5

Vital statistics provide an archive of certain health data. These data do not become surveillance data until they are analyzed, interpreted, and disseminated with the intent of influencing public health decision-making or action.

A. TRUE B. FALSE C. ALL D. None

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Analysis and dissemination transform vital statistics into surveillance data.

When creating a bar chart, the decision to use vertical or horizontal bars is usually based on:

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