When considering the administration of cardiac medication to a severely hypothermic patient in cardiac arrest, which of the following is true?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in a severely hypothermic patient in cardiac arrest, the body's metabolism is slowed, affecting drug absorption and metabolism. Administering IV medications at longer intervals helps prevent toxicity as the body cannot process them efficiently. Choice A is incorrect because warm fluid and active rewarming are not sufficient to address medication metabolism issues. Choice C is incorrect as toxicity is a concern due to impaired drug clearance. Choice D is incorrect as higher doses can lead to toxicity in a hypothermic patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (C): 1. Transferring doctor determines resource limitations to provide adequate care. 2. Ensures patient receives necessary resources at a higher level trauma center. 3. Improves patient outcomes and chances of survival. 4. Avoids delays in treatment due to resource constraints. 5. Upholds the principle of providing the highest standard of care to the patient. Summary: A: Unavailability of staff is not the primary indication for transfer. B: While severe injuries warrant transfer, the primary reason is resource limitations. D: Hospital administration's decision may not always align with patient care needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a negative Kleihauer-Betke test does not completely exclude Rh-isoimmunization in pregnant trauma patients. The test is used to estimate the amount of fetal-maternal hemorrhage and guide Rhogam administration, but it is not foolproof. Trauma can cause significant fetal-maternal hemorrhage, leading to Rh-isoimmunization even if the test initially shows negative results. Choice A is incorrect because Rh-isoimmunization can indeed occur in both blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Choice B is incorrect as even minor degrees of fetomaternal hemorrhage can lead to Rh-isoimmunization. Choice D is incorrect as Rh-isoimmunization is a concern in both Rh-negative and Rh-positive pregnant trauma patients due to the potential for fetal-maternal hemorrhage.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D Rationale: 1. Children have less circulating blood volume than adults, so a smaller volume of blood loss can lead to shock. 2. Pediatric shock can occur with as little as 5-10% blood loss, whereas adults typically require 15-30%. 3. This difference is due to children's smaller body size and lower blood volume compared to adults. 4. Therefore, the statement that the absolute volume of blood loss required to produce shock is the same as in adults is FALSE. Summary of other choices: A: True - Vital signs in children vary with age. B: True - Children have greater physiologic reserves compared to adults. C: True - Tachycardia is a common response to hypervolemia in pediatric shock.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Permissive hypotension and early plasma infusion." This principle of balanced resuscitation involves allowing for slightly lower blood pressure to reduce bleeding while promptly providing plasma to restore clotting factors. Permissive hypotension helps prevent further blood loss, while early plasma infusion helps maintain coagulation function. The other choices are incorrect because B does not address the specific needs of resuscitation, C focuses on a different aspect of patient management, and D is not directly related to the resuscitation process.