When completing a nursing history for a client taking Simvastatin, which of the following disorders should the nurse identify as a contraindication to adding Ezetimibe to the client's medications?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ezetimibe is contraindicated in clients with active moderate-to-severe liver disorders, particularly if they are already on a statin like simvastatin. Hepatitis C is a liver condition that can be exacerbated by Ezetimibe, leading to potential complications. Therefore, the nurse should identify active hepatitis C as a contraindication to adding Ezetimibe to the client's medications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fresh frozen plasma is the appropriate blood product for a client with an elevated aPTT as it contains various coagulation factors that can help correct coagulopathies and prevent bleeding. It is not necessary to transfuse whole blood, platelets, or packed red blood cells in this situation as they do not directly address the coagulation factor deficiencies associated with an elevated aPTT.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Weight gain. Prednisone is a corticosteroid medication commonly used to treat asthma due to its potent anti-inflammatory properties. Weight gain is a common adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid use. Corticosteroids can cause fluid retention, increased appetite, and redistribution of body fat, leading to weight gain. Option B) Nervousness is incorrect because corticosteroids like prednisone are more likely to cause mood changes such as irritability or mood swings rather than nervousness. Option C) Bradycardia is incorrect as corticosteroids are more likely to cause tachycardia or irregular heartbeats as adverse cardiovascular effects rather than bradycardia. Option D) Constipation is incorrect as corticosteroids are more likely to cause gastrointestinal issues such as increased appetite, weight gain, or indigestion rather than constipation. Educationally, it is important for healthcare providers and patients to be aware of the potential adverse effects of medications like prednisone to monitor and manage them effectively to ensure optimal treatment outcomes for chronic conditions like asthma. Monitoring for weight gain can help prevent complications associated with long-term corticosteroid use, such as metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular risks.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: Dry cough.' Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor known to cause a persistent dry cough as a common adverse effect. This cough should be reported to the healthcare provider for further evaluation, as it may indicate a potential issue with the medication that needs attention to ensure the client's well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Presence of red blood cells in the urine. Gentamicin is an antibiotic known for its nephrotoxic and ototoxic effects. The presence of red blood cells in the urine, also known as hematuria, can indicate kidney damage or nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin. This adverse reaction can lead to further complications if not addressed promptly. Option A) Blood pressure 160/90 mm Hg is not directly related to the potential adverse reaction of gentamicin. While monitoring blood pressure is essential during treatment, this finding is not specific to gentamicin toxicity. Option C) Urine output of 35 mL/hr could indicate renal impairment, which is a concern with gentamicin use, but it is not as indicative of nephrotoxicity as the presence of red blood cells in the urine. Option D) Respiratory rate of 22/min is not typically associated with adverse reactions to gentamicin. Changes in respiratory rate are more commonly linked to respiratory conditions or other medications, not specifically gentamicin. Educationally, understanding the potential adverse effects of medications is crucial for safe and effective patient care. Pharmacology education emphasizes the importance of monitoring patients for signs of drug toxicity to prevent serious complications. In the case of gentamicin, being vigilant for symptoms like hematuria can help healthcare providers intervene early and prevent further harm to the patient.