ATI RN
ATI Proctored Exam Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
When caring for an elderly Chinese patient, the nurse recognizes that which of these cultural issues may influence the care of this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Chinese culture, the use of heat, such as through warm foods or heating pads, is often believed to restore balance and promote healing. This cultural practice may influence the patient's preferences and expectations during hospitalization. Radiographs, hospital diets, and the perception of hospitalization are less likely to be significant cultural factors in this context. Therefore, the nurse should consider the patient's cultural beliefs about heat and incorporate them into the care plan as appropriate.
Question 2 of 5
A patient comes to the office with a chief complaint of hair loss and peeling skin. The nurse notes many vitamins and minerals are on the medication list. The patient reports using vitamins to treat liver disease. The patient's complaint may be caused by an excess of which vitamin or mineral?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excessive vitamin A can cause hypervitaminosis A, leading to symptoms such as hair loss, peeling skin, and liver toxicity. Zinc (B), vitamin C (C), and vitamin D (D) are not typically associated with these symptoms. The nurse should assess the patient's vitamin A intake and advise moderation.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is taken to the trauma unit after a motorcycle accident. It is estimated that he has lost 30% of his blood volume and he is in hypovolemic shock. The nurse anticipates a transfusion with which blood product?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the case of a hypovolemic shock due to significant blood loss, the primary concern is to restore the lost blood volume quickly. Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) contain a high concentration of red blood cells and are used to replenish oxygen-carrying capacity in cases of hemorrhage. PRBCs are the most appropriate blood product in this scenario as they can effectively increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood without overloading the patient with excess fluid volume like whole blood. Whole blood contains not only red blood cells but also plasma and other components, which may not be necessary for immediate volume resuscitation. Cryoprecipitate and Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) are usually indicated for specific coagulation factor deficiencies and are not the primary choice for treating hypovolemic shock. Thus, in this case, PRBCs are the most suitable blood product to address the acute blood loss and restore
Question 4 of 5
A patient who is taking aspirin for arthritis pain asks the nurse why it also causes gastrointestinal upset. The nurse understands that this is because aspirin:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aspirin causes gastrointestinal upset because it inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for the production of prostaglandins, which are important in protecting the stomach lining. Inhibition of COX-1 reduces the production of protective prostaglandins that help maintain the integrity of the stomach lining, leading to irritation and potential damage, which can manifest as gastrointestinal upset. This is why patients taking aspirin may experience gastrointestinal side effects such as stomach pain, ulcers, or bleeding.
Question 5 of 5
What is the purpose of “Tunneling†(inserting the catheter 2-4 inches under the skin) when the surgeon inserts a Hickman central catheter device?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tunneling the catheter 2-4 inches under the skin creates a pathway that helps reduce the risk of infection. By placing the catheter deeper under the skin, there is less chance of bacteria entering the catheter exit site, which can lead to infections such as catheter-related bloodstream infections. Tunneling also promotes tissue ingrowth around the catheter, further helping to secure the catheter in place and reduce the risk of infection.