When caring for a patient recovering from an episode of opioid toxicity, the nurse determines that the patient has opioid use disorder based on which finding?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Craving that results in drug-seeking behaviors. This finding indicates opioid use disorder according to the DSM-5 criteria. Craving and drug-seeking behaviors are key features of substance use disorders, including opioid use disorder. Withdrawal symptoms (A) can occur in cases of physical dependence but do not necessarily indicate opioid use disorder. A history of daily use (B) is common in individuals with opioid use disorder but alone is not sufficient for diagnosis. Intravenous use of the drug (D) may suggest a more severe form of opioid use but is not specific to opioid use disorder.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nurse should first explore the patient's concerns and reasons for refusal. By doing so, the nurse can address any misconceptions, provide education, and potentially find a solution that addresses the patient's needs and concerns. This approach promotes patient autonomy and fosters a therapeutic relationship. Choice A is incorrect because leaving the medication at the bedside does not address the patient's refusal or concerns. Choice C is not the best response as simply informing the patient of potential negative consequences may not address the underlying reasons for refusal. Choice D is inappropriate as administering medication without the patient's knowledge is a violation of autonomy and trust.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Deltoid muscle. For a 5-year-old child, the deltoid muscle is the preferred site for intramuscular injections due to adequate muscle mass and development. It is a safe and common site for administering vaccines and other medications. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Ventral forearm: Not a recommended site for intramuscular injections in children due to lack of muscle mass. B: Dorsogluteal: Not recommended for children due to proximity to major nerves and blood vessels. D: Ventrogluteal: Not typically used in pediatric patients as it requires the child to be in a prone position, which may not be practical.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C: Fluoroquinolones interfere with metabolic processes by targeting bacterial enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair. This disrupts bacterial DNA synthesis, leading to cell death. This mechanism is distinct from options A, B, and D, which target different cellular components such as the cell wall, membrane, and protein synthesis. Hence, C is the correct choice for fluoroquinolones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Conjugation. Phase I drug metabolizing processes involve functionalization reactions to make the drug more polar for easier elimination. Conjugation reactions, on the other hand, occur in Phase II metabolism and involve the addition of endogenous molecules to the drug to further enhance its solubility for elimination. Hydrolysis, reduction, and oxidation are all Phase I processes that involve breaking down or modifying the drug molecule without conjugation. Therefore, Conjugation is NOT a phase I drug metabolizing process.