When caring for a male patient who has just had a total laryngectomy, the nurse should plan to:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Develop an alternative communication method. After a total laryngectomy, the patient loses the ability to speak. Developing an alternative communication method such as using a communication board or electronic device is crucial for effective communication. Encouraging oral feeding (A) is not appropriate initially due to the risk of aspiration. Keeping the tracheostomy cuff fully inflated (C) can obstruct airflow, and keeping the patient flat in bed (D) can lead to respiratory complications. Developing an alternative communication method is essential for the patient's emotional well-being and quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Require frequent rest periods throughout the day. This is because patients with COPD often experience shortness of breath and fatigue, necessitating frequent rest periods to conserve energy and manage symptoms. Oxygen therapy is typically started at a lower flow rate (2-4 L/min) to avoid suppressing the patient's respiratory drive, so option A is not appropriate. Respiratory isolation is unnecessary for COPD exacerbation, as it is not a contagious condition, making option B incorrect. Fluid restriction is not typically indicated for COPD exacerbation unless the patient has comorbid conditions like heart failure, so option D is not the priority.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because avoiding Chinese food, a known trigger for the client's acute asthma, is crucial to prevent future asthma attacks. By eliminating the trigger, the client can reduce the risk of allergic reactions and asthma exacerbations. Summary: A: Incorrect. Eating Chinese food once a month still exposes the client to the trigger, increasing the risk of asthma attacks. B: Incorrect. Using inhalers before eating Chinese food may help manage symptoms temporarily but does not address the root cause of the allergic reaction. D: Incorrect. Dismissing the client's known trigger without further investigation can lead to serious health consequences.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: nitrogen. Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant gas. This is due to the fact that nitrogen is a chemically stable element that forms diatomic molecules (N2) which are not easily broken down. Oxygen (A) makes up about 21% of the atmosphere, while water vapor (B) and argon (C) are present in much smaller quantities. Therefore, nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere based on its high percentage composition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Decompression sickness occurs when nitrogen bubbles form in the blood due to rapid changes in pressure during ascent. Nitrogen, a major component of air, dissolves in the blood at higher pressure and forms bubbles when pressure decreases. These bubbles can block blood vessels, leading to various symptoms. Choice A is incorrect as it pertains to hypercapnia, not decompression sickness. Choice B is incorrect as decompression sickness is not caused by lack of oxygen but rather by nitrogen bubbles. Choice D is incorrect as glucose deficiency is not related to decompression sickness. Therefore, the correct answer is C, bubbles of nitrogen in the blood.