When auscultating over a patient's femoral arteries, the nurse notices the presence of a bruit on the left side. The nurse knows that bruits:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. When a bruit is heard over the femoral arteries, it indicates turbulent blood flow, which is often a result of partial occlusion in the artery. This turbulent flow causes vibrations that can be heard as a bruit. This finding suggests that there may be a narrowing or blockage in the femoral artery, which can lead to decreased blood flow to the lower extremities. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because bruits are not typically associated with venous disease, lymphadenopathy, or hypermetabolic states in the context of femoral artery auscultation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, dry and rough. In hypothyroidism, there is a decrease in thyroid hormone production, leading to reduced metabolic activity. This results in decreased oil and sweat gland function, leading to dry skin. Additionally, the reduced metabolic rate can cause a buildup of dead skin cells, contributing to rough texture. Choices A and B are incorrect because moisture levels are decreased in hypothyroidism. Choice C is incorrect as dryness is a key characteristic of hypothyroidism, and smooth skin is less likely due to the rough texture caused by decreased cell turnover.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because open-ended questions encourage patients to provide detailed responses without limiting them to specific options. Choice A and B are closed-ended questions as they prompt specific information. Choice D is a leading question that suggests a specific response, making it closed-ended.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cozen's test. This test is used to assess for lateral epicondylitis by asking the patient to make a fist, pronate the forearm, radially deviate the wrist, and extend the elbow against resistance. Pain over the lateral epicondyle indicates a positive test. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Empty can test is used to assess for supraspinatus tendon injury. B: Valgus stress test is used to assess for medial collateral ligament injury of the elbow. C: Elbow flexion test is not a specific test for lateral epicondylitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Outside the synovial cavity but within the fibrous joint capsule. The cruciate ligaments of the knee are located within the joint capsule, which is a fibrous structure surrounding the knee joint. They are positioned outside the synovial cavity, which is the space within the joint capsule that contains synovial fluid. This location allows the cruciate ligaments to provide stability to the knee joint without being directly exposed to the synovial fluid. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the specific location of the cruciate ligaments within the knee joint.