ATI RN
Muscular System Test Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
When athletes warm up, they illustrate a(n) type of muscle contraction.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warming up, athletes perform movements like stretching or light jogging, exemplifying treppe the staircase effect. Initial contractions increase force progressively as calcium accumulates and muscle fibers activate more efficiently, enhancing performance without fatigue. Isotonic contractions shorten muscles against constant load (e.g., lifting), while isometric maintain length under tension (e.g., planks) both common in exercise but not warm-up specific. Twitch is a single, brief contraction, not sustained activity. Tetanus involves maximal, fused contractions from rapid stimuli, typical of intense effort, not warm-ups. Treppe, observed in physiology labs, boosts contractility over successive stimuli at low frequency, warming muscle tissue, increasing blood flow, and optimizing enzyme activity. This priming contrasts with isotonic's dynamic shortening or tetanus's sustained force, aligning with warm-ups' preparatory role. Studies show treppe elevates twitch force 20-50% early on, a subtle yet critical enhancement for athletes, distinct from static or exhaustive contraction types.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is instructing the patient on quadriceps and gluteal muscle exercises. The instructions will include:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Quadriceps and gluteal exercises target thigh and buttock strength, often used in rehabilitation. Straightening the leg and tensing muscles while raising the heel (quadriceps setting) contracts the quadriceps against gravity, and gluteal engagement occurs when squeezing the buttocks, both doable lying down. Flexing the leg and pulling it back with hands targets hamstrings and hip flexors, not primarily quadriceps or glutes. Straightening legs and knees is vague and incomplete without specifying tension or lifting, lacking the active contraction needed. The first method effectively isolates and strengthens the intended muscle groups, promoting stability and recovery, especially post-injury or surgery, with clear, executable steps.
Question 3 of 5
A patient at risk for the development of osteoporosis has reported plans to increase calcium intake. When making menu choices, which selection demonstrates an understanding of calcium-rich foods?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium-rich foods are vital for osteoporosis prevention, and dairy like milk is a primary source, alongside certain fish like salmon, which contains bones rich in calcium when grilled or canned. Green beans add nutrients but little calcium. This combo maximizes intake effectively. Hamburger with milk offers calcium from milk, but the patty and chips contribute minimally. Chicken and salad with fruit punch lack significant calcium, as punch isn't a source. The BLT with milk provides calcium from milk, but bacon and tomatoes don't add much. Salmon and milk together demonstrate a stronger understanding of boosting calcium through diverse, potent sources, aligning with bone health goals.
Question 4 of 5
The assessment made by the nurse caring for a patient just returned from surgery following a surgical decompression of the carpal tunnel that would require immediate remedy is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-carpal tunnel surgery, normal recovery includes some swelling and pain, but a capillary refill of 8 seconds far beyond the normal 2-3 seconds signals impaired circulation, possibly from tight dressings or hematoma, demanding urgent action to prevent tissue damage. Swollen, warm fingers are expected initially and monitored, not immediately alarming. Pain is typical post-op and managed with medication. Rosy fingers suggest good blood flow, not a problem. Delayed refill stands out as a critical vascular issue, requiring prompt intervention like loosening bandages or notifying the surgeon to restore perfusion.
Question 5 of 5
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone or the end opposite the insertion.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The origin of a muscle is the point where its tendon attaches to a stationary bone, providing a stable base for movement, as opposed to the insertion, which attaches to the movable bone. For example, in the biceps brachii, the origin is on the scapula (stationary), while the insertion is on the radius (movable). Fixators are muscles that stabilize, not attachment points. The rotator (musculotendinous) cuff is a group of shoulder muscles, not a single attachment site. Deep describes depth, not a structural feature. The origin is a key anatomical term distinguishing the fixed end of a muscle, making it the correct choice, as it aligns with the definition of a stationary attachment in contrast to the dynamic insertion point.