ATI RN
Assess Vital Signs Rationale Questions
Question 1 of 5
When assessing the tongue of an adult, the nurse knows that an abnormal finding would be:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a smooth glossy dorsal surface of the tongue is not a normal finding in adults. This could indicate atrophic glossitis, which may be due to nutritional deficiencies or other health issues. Choice B is incorrect because a thin white coating over the tongue can be a normal variation or may indicate minor issues like oral thrush. Choice C is incorrect as raised papillae on the dorsal surface is a normal finding, especially in smokers or individuals with certain oral health conditions. Choice D is incorrect as visible venous patterns on the ventral surface are also a normal finding and not considered abnormal.
Question 2 of 5
In performing an assessment of a woman's axillary lymph system, the nurse should assess which of these nodes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it includes the most relevant nodes for assessing a woman's axillary lymph system. The central, lateral, pectoral, and subscapular nodes are key areas to examine for any abnormalities or signs of inflammation. The central nodes are located in the central axillary line, the lateral nodes are along the upper humerus, the pectoral nodes are near the pectoralis major muscle, and the subscapular nodes are beneath the scapula. These nodes drain lymph from different parts of the breast and upper extremities, making them essential for evaluating the axillary lymph system. The other choices are incorrect because they either do not include all the necessary nodes or include nodes that are less relevant for this specific assessment.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assisting with a BSE clinic. Which of these women reflect abnormal findings during the inspection phase of breast examination?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because nipples in different planes (deviated) can indicate a potential abnormality like a breast mass or underlying breast tissue changes. This can be a sign of asymmetry or a structural issue that warrants further evaluation. Choices B, C, and D are not considered abnormal findings during the inspection phase of breast examination. Choice B is a common and normal variation in breast size, while choice C indicates stretch marks which are common and not concerning. Choice D describes a normal finding of increased vascularity during pregnancy.
Question 4 of 5
In assessing a patient's major risk factors for heart disease, which would the nurse want to include when taking a history?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol are all major risk factors for heart disease supported by research. Smoking damages blood vessels, hypertension increases heart strain, obesity leads to various heart issues, diabetes affects blood sugar levels, and high cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in arteries. Choice A is incorrect because stress is not a major risk factor for heart disease compared to the other factors listed. Choice B is incorrect as personality type is not a significant risk factor for heart disease. Choice D is incorrect because alcohol consumption is not as strongly associated with heart disease as the other factors listed in choice C.
Question 5 of 5
A 20-year-old part-time college student comes to your clinic, complaining of growths on his penile shaft. They have been there for about 6 weeks and haven't gone away. In fact, he thinks there may be more now. He denies any pain with intercourse or urination. He has had three former partners and has been with his current girlfriend for 6 months. He says that because she is on the pill they don't use condoms. He denies any fever, weight loss, or night sweats. His past medical history is unremarkable. In addition to college, he works part-time for his father in construction. He is engaged to be married and has no children. His father is healthy and his mother has hypothyroidism. On examination the young man appears healthy. His vital signs are unremarkable. On visualization of his penis you see several moist papules along all sides of his penile shaft and even two on the corona. He has been circumcised. On palpation of his inguinal region there is no inguinal lymphadenopathy. Which abnormality of the penis does this patient most likely have?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Condylomata acuminata. The presence of moist papules on the penile shaft and corona, absence of pain with intercourse or urination, multiple sexual partners, lack of systemic symptoms, and absence of inguinal lymphadenopathy are all consistent with condylomata acuminata, which are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Genital herpes (B) typically presents with painful vesicles, syphilitic chancre (C) presents as a painless ulcer with associated systemic symptoms, and penile carcinoma (D) usually presents with a single firm, non-tender lesion and may have associated risk factors like smoking or HPV infection, which are not present in this case.