ATI RN
Free Medical Surgical Certification Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
When assessing a client with pneumonia, which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to find?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dullness on percussion. In pneumonia, the affected lung tissue becomes consolidated, leading to dullness on percussion due to decreased air movement. The rationale behind this is that consolidation causes the air-filled lung tissue to become filled with fluid and inflammatory cells, impairing normal sound transmission upon percussion. Incorrect choices: A: Fremitus - Increased tactile fremitus is typically found in pneumonia due to the denser lung tissue, making this choice incorrect. B: Hyperresonance - Hyperresonance is commonly found in conditions like emphysema with increased lung air volume, not in pneumonia. D: Decreased tactile fremitus - This is contradictory as pneumonia usually presents with increased tactile fremitus due to the consolidated lung tissue.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse assesses a client who has a mediastinal chest tube. Which symptoms require the nurse's immediate intervention? (Select ONE that does not apply)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Production of pink sputum. Pink sputum can indicate bleeding, which is a serious complication with a mediastinal chest tube. Immediate intervention is needed to prevent further complications. Tracheal deviation (B) can indicate tension pneumothorax, requiring immediate intervention. Pain at insertion site (C) may indicate infection or dislodgement, also needing prompt attention. Sudden onset of shortness of breath (D) can suggest a pneumothorax, which requires immediate intervention as well. However, the production of pink sputum is the most critical due to the potential for severe complications like hemorrhage.
Question 3 of 5
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving nutrition education. Which nutrition information should the nurse include in this client's teaching? (Select ONE that does not apply)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Eat high-fiber foods to promote gastric emptying. Clients with COPD often have decreased appetite and energy expenditure, making it challenging to consume high-fiber foods. This can lead to bloating and increased work of breathing. High-fiber foods can also cause delayed gastric emptying, which can exacerbate symptoms of dyspnea and discomfort in COPD patients. Therefore, it is important for clients with COPD to focus on easily digestible and nutrient-dense foods to support their nutritional needs. Avoid drinking fluids just before and during meals (A) is important to prevent excessive fullness and bloating, Rest before meals if you have dyspnea (B) is essential to conserve energy and optimize breathing during meals, and having about six small meals a day (C) can help maintain energy levels without overwhelming the respiratory system.
Question 4 of 5
A healthcare provider collaborates with a respiratory therapist to complete pulmonary function tests (PFTs) for a client. Which statements should the healthcare provider include in communications with the respiratory therapist prior to the tests? (Select ONE that does not apply)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C Rationale: - Option C, stating that physical therapy has approved the client for treadmill exercise, is unrelated to pulmonary function tests (PFTs). PFTs measure lung function, not physical therapy or exercise tolerance. - Options A, B, and D are all essential for accurate PFT results. A) Ensuring the client did not use bronchodilators can affect test outcomes. B) The location for the examination is not relevant as long as the equipment is available. D) Instructing the client not to smoke before the test is crucial as smoking can affect lung function.
Question 5 of 5
A client interested in smoking cessation is being taught by a nurse. Which statements should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select one that does not apply)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drink at least eight glasses of water each day. This statement does not directly relate to smoking cessation. Staying hydrated is important for overall health, but it is not a specific strategy for quitting smoking. Choices A, B, and D are all relevant to smoking cessation. A: Finding an activity to keep hands busy can help distract from the urge to smoke. B: Keeping snacks on hand can help manage cravings and replace the oral fixation of smoking. D: Making a list of reasons for quitting can provide motivation and remind the client of their goals.