When assessing a client with dementia, the nurse identifies that the client is experiencing hallucinations. Based on the nurse's understanding of this disorder, which type of hallucination would the nurse expect as most common?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Visual hallucinations. In dementia, visual hallucinations are most common due to changes in the brain affecting perception. These hallucinations can be vivid and complex. Auditory hallucinations (choice A) are less common in dementia. Gustatory (choice C) and olfactory (choice D) hallucinations are even rarer and usually not associated with dementia. Visual hallucinations are often distressing for individuals with dementia and may require appropriate interventions for management.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anxiety and depression. Schizophrenia is often accompanied by co-occurring anxiety and depression. This is because individuals with schizophrenia may experience significant levels of stress, fear, and sadness due to their symptoms. Alcohol is commonly used as a form of self-medication to cope with these negative emotions. Explanation for other choices: A: Generally good health despite the mental illness - This is incorrect because individuals with schizophrenia often have physical health issues due to poor self-care and lifestyle choices. B: An aversion to drinking fluids - This is incorrect as there is no direct correlation between schizophrenia and aversion to drinking fluids. D: The ability to express his needs - This is incorrect as individuals with schizophrenia may struggle to express their needs effectively due to communication difficulties associated with the disorder.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Formal operations. Adolescents are typically in Piaget's formal operations stage, which occurs around ages 11 to adulthood. In this stage, individuals develop abstract thinking, logical reasoning, hypothetical thinking, and problem-solving skills. This stage allows adolescents to think about possibilities, consequences, and hypothetical situations. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they correspond to earlier stages of cognitive development. Concrete operations (choice A) typically occur between ages 7 to 11, preoperational (choice B) between ages 2 to 7, and sensorimotor (choice D) from birth to 2 years old. These stages do not align with the cognitive abilities and characteristics of adolescents.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 1 to 2 weeks. Sertraline is an antidepressant that can help with premature ejaculation. It typically takes 1 to 2 weeks for the medication to start showing effectiveness due to the need for the drug to reach a therapeutic level in the body. This time frame allows the client's body to adjust to the medication and for the serotonin levels to stabilize, resulting in improved control over ejaculation. Choices A (5 to 7 days), C (3 to 4 weeks), and D (6 to 8 weeks) are incorrect as they do not align with the typical onset of action for sertraline. A shorter time frame like 5 to 7 days is usually insufficient for the drug to reach therapeutic levels, while longer time frames like 3 to 4 weeks or 6 to 8 weeks exceed the typical onset of action for this medication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General, as it was published in 1999, making it the most recent compared to the other choices. The Surgeon General's report highlighted the importance of mental health and influenced policy changes. Explanation: 1. A is the most recent among the choices. 2. Published in 1999, addressing current mental health issues. 3. Emphasized the significance of mental health in policy-making. 4. Influenced subsequent legislative and policy efforts. Summary: B: New Freedom Commission on Mental Health was established in 2002, making it less recent. C: Action for Mental Health was published in 1961, making it the oldest choice. D: Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act was passed in 1963, predating the Surgeon General's report.