When assessing a client’s activity-exercise pattern, which subjective finding has implications for nursing practice?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) A person's amount of leisure time. When assessing a client's activity-exercise pattern, the amount of leisure time they have is a subjective finding that has implications for nursing practice. Leisure time availability directly influences a person's ability to engage in physical activity and exercise routines, which are crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being. Nurses need to consider this factor when developing individualized care plans to promote a healthy lifestyle for their clients. Option A) A person's decreased muscle tone is a physical assessment finding rather than a subjective finding, so it is not directly related to the client's perception of their activity-exercise pattern. Option C) A person's decreased range of motion is also a physical assessment finding and does not reflect the client's subjective experience or perception of their activity level. Option D) A person's use of a cane is an objective observation rather than a subjective finding related to the client's activity-exercise pattern. It may indicate a need for assistive devices but does not provide insight into the client's leisure time availability or activity engagement. In pharmacology, understanding a client's subjective experiences related to their activity-exercise patterns is essential for holistic health promotion. Nurses play a key role in assessing these subjective factors, such as leisure time availability, to tailor interventions that support clients in improving their physical activity levels and overall health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, the correct answer, option A, represents a dysfunctional pattern because the sexually active teenager not using condoms puts themselves at risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. This behavior goes against safe sex practices, which are crucial for maintaining sexual health. Option B, the salesman who sleeps only 5 hours a night, depicts a potential issue related to sleep and fatigue management, which is important for overall health but may not necessarily indicate a dysfunctional pattern unless it leads to significant health problems. Option C, the single mother of three children, represents a challenging life situation but does not inherently signify a dysfunctional pattern. Many single parents successfully manage their responsibilities and maintain their health and well-being. Option D, the woman with a small extended family, does not provide enough information to determine a dysfunctional pattern. The size of one's extended family does not inherently indicate dysfunction. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing behaviors that can lead to health risks and the significance of promoting healthy practices, such as safe sex behaviors, adequate sleep, and stress management. Understanding these concepts is vital for healthcare professionals to provide effective health promotion strategies to individuals and communities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the young couple considering marriage and starting a family is experiencing Erikson's stage of "Intimacy vs. isolation." This stage typically occurs during young adulthood, where individuals seek intimate relationships and develop connections with others. Choosing to commit to a partner and potentially starting a family involves the deep emotional connection and commitment that characterize the intimacy stage. Option A, "Identity vs. role confusion," is more focused on adolescence, where individuals explore their identities and struggle with defining who they are. This stage is about self-discovery rather than forming intimate relationships. Option C, "Generativity vs. stagnation," relates to middle adulthood where individuals focus on contributing to society and future generations. While starting a family may involve elements of generativity, the primary focus of this stage is different from the immediate intimacy concerns of the young couple. Option D, "Ego integrity vs. despair," is associated with later adulthood when individuals reflect on their lives and achievements. This stage is concerned with looking back on one's life with a sense of fulfillment or regret, which is not the primary focus of the young couple's current situation. Understanding Erikson's stages of psychosocial development is crucial in recognizing the different challenges and tasks individuals face at various life stages. By applying this knowledge, educators can help individuals navigate these stages successfully and make informed decisions about their relationships and life choices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Developmental. In this scenario, the nurse is focusing on understanding how the family will transition and adapt after a significant life event, which is the departure of their youngest child for college. The developmental perspective emphasizes the importance of life stages and transitions in shaping individuals and families. The nurse is likely assessing the family's readiness for this developmental milestone and how they will navigate the changes it brings. Option A) Risk-factor is incorrect because it focuses on identifying potential risks or negative influences on health outcomes, which is not the primary focus of the scenario. Option B) Structural-functional is incorrect as it pertains to how social structures and functions contribute to the stability of society, not specifically addressing family adaptation to life changes. Option C) Open systems is incorrect as it refers to systems theory, which views families as interconnected systems that interact with their environment, but it does not specifically address the developmental aspect of family transitions. In an educational context, understanding different perspectives in assessing family dynamics is crucial for healthcare professionals like nurses. By applying a developmental perspective, nurses can better support families through transitions and changes, promoting their overall well-being and resilience. This knowledge helps nurses provide holistic care that considers not just the individual but also their familial and social contexts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Use caution around the family swimming pool. This advice is crucial for the family with 2-year-old twins as drowning is a leading cause of accidental death in young children. Providing guidance on pool safety, such as constant supervision, securing pool barriers, and teaching water safety, is essential for injury prevention. Option A) Wear bicycle helmets for safety is important advice for older children engaging in biking activities but is not directly relevant to the age group of 2-year-old twins. Option C) Cross the street using the crosswalks is important advice for pedestrian safety but may not be as pressing for the family with 2-year-old twins who are more likely to be in the care of their parents or guardians when crossing the street. Option D) Advocate for the day care to provide adequate socialization is important for child development but does not directly address the immediate safety concerns of the 2-year-old twins. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of tailoring health promotion advice to the specific needs and risks associated with different age groups, emphasizing the role of nurses in providing targeted and evidence-based guidance to support families in promoting a safe and healthy environment for their children.