When applying transdermal nitroglycerin patches, which instruction by the nurse is correct?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rotate application sites with each dose. This instruction is crucial to prevent skin irritation and tolerance development. By rotating sites, the skin has time to recover, ensuring optimal absorption. Choice B is incorrect as using only the chest area can lead to skin irritation. Choice C is incorrect because the patch should not be removed when swimming as it may affect drug delivery. Choice D is incorrect as applying the patch to the same site can cause localized skin reactions and reduced effectiveness. Rotation is key for consistent drug absorption and minimizing skin irritation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, folic acid. Folic acid is essential for the development of the fetal neural tube, reducing the risk of defects. Adequate levels are crucial before and during pregnancy. Vitamin B12 is important for neurological function, but not specifically for neural tube development. Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption but not directly related to neural tube defects. Iron is essential for red blood cell formation but does not specifically reduce the risk of neural tube defects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because "affinity" refers to how tightly a drug binds to a receptor. This is crucial for the drug to exert its pharmacological effect. A: Plasma protein binding is not specifically related to affinity but affects drug distribution. C: Inhibiting potency is different from affinity, which is about binding strength. D: Bioavailability is about drug absorption, not binding to receptors. Thus, B is the most appropriate choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Charged cationic forms of local anesthetics do not penetrate biological membranes more readily than uncharged forms. This is because charged molecules have difficulty crossing cell membranes due to their polarity. In contrast, uncharged forms easily pass through lipid membranes. Therefore, statement B is incorrect. Statements A, C, and D are correct. A is true because local anesthetics can exist in both uncharged and cationic forms in tissues. C is true because local anesthetics are less effective in inflamed tissues due to increased acidity and altered tissue permeability. D is true because low pH in inflamed tissues inhibits the dissociation of nonionized molecules, reducing the effectiveness of local anesthetics.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.