ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 Proctored Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
When administering the drug lithium, name one important side effect to watch for:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One important side effect to watch for when administering the drug lithium is seizures. Lithium is commonly used to treat bipolar disorder, but it can lower the seizure threshold and increase the risk of seizures in some patients. It is crucial to monitor individuals taking lithium for any signs of seizures or seizure activity and to promptly address any such occurrences. Regular monitoring of lithium levels and adjusting the dosage as necessary can help minimize the risk of seizures in patients receiving this medication.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is doing preconception counseling with a patient. The patient asks why she must take folic acid (folate) during pregnancy. What is the nurse's response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Folic acid is essential during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, in the developing fetus. It does not lower blood glucose (B), prevent celiac disease (C), or prevent migraines (D). Adequate folic acid intake is critical before and during early pregnancy.
Question 3 of 5
Hormonal agents are used to treat some cancers. An example would be:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Estrogen antagonists, such as drugs like Tamoxifen or Fulvestrant, are commonly used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. These cancer cells have receptors that can bind to estrogen, stimulating their growth. By using estrogen antagonists, the estrogen receptors on the cancer cells are blocked, inhibiting their growth and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. This makes estrogen antagonists an effective hormonal agent for treating breast cancer.
Question 4 of 5
A 6-year-old boy is brought to his primary care physician with a history of hay fever and asthma. He usually has two to three attacks per week. For symptom control, he uses an albuterol inhaler, but his parents would like to try something more. They would like him to take something that would lessen the amount of attacks he has. Although corticosteroids would probably work best for prophylaxis, they are contraindicated in children. He is instead given montelukast. How does montelukast work?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Montelukast prevents asthma attacks by blocking leukotriene receptors . Leukotrienes drive inflammation; montelukast reduces this, complementing albuterol's acute relief. Muscarinic blockade is ipratropium's action. COX inhibition (C, D) is NSAIDs'. Lipoxygenase inhibition (E) is zileuton's. Montelukast's specificity suits prophylaxis in this child.
Question 5 of 5
Mannitol (Osmitrol), an osmotic diuretic, is contraindicated to which conditions? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 1. Narrow-angle glaucoma: Mannitol can exacerbate narrow-angle glaucoma by causing an increase in intraocular pressure. Therefore, it is contraindicated in patients with this condition.