When administering heparin subcutaneously, the nurse will follow which procedure?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When administering heparin subcutaneously, the nurse should use a - to -inch needle. This needle length is appropriate for subcutaneous injections as it ensures the medication is being injected into the fatty tissue layer beneath the skin. Using a longer needle can result in the medication being injected too deeply, potentially causing complications. Additionally, the nurse should not aspirate the syringe before injecting the medication, massage the site after injection, or apply heat to the injection site when administering heparin subcutaneously.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Tachycardia. Amiodarone is a medication used to treat irregular heartbeats, so monitoring for adverse effects such as tachycardia is crucial as it can indicate an exacerbation of the patient's condition. Option A) is incorrect because it is a general instruction to select all that apply, and not a specific adverse effect of amiodarone. Option C) Constipation and Option D) Chest pain are incorrect as they are not commonly associated adverse effects of amiodarone. Educationally, understanding the common adverse effects of medications is essential for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. This question reinforces the importance of pharmacological knowledge, critical thinking, and monitoring for adverse effects when administering medications like amiodarone that can have significant impacts on patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by blocking the effects of aldosterone in the distal tubules of the kidney, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water while retaining potassium. This class of diuretics helps to conserve potassium, making them suitable for patients at risk of hypokalemia. In contrast, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and bumetanide are loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, and another loop diuretic, respectively, which all promote the loss of potassium along with sodium and water.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nausea is one of the early manifestations of lithium toxicity. It is important to monitor for this symptom in patients taking lithium to detect toxicity early and prevent more serious complications. Hypotension and renal failure are more severe manifestations of lithium toxicity that occur at later stages. Muscle weakness is not typically associated with early lithium toxicity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Protamine is the antidote for Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that prevents the formation of blood clots. In case of an overdose of Heparin or if there is a need to reverse its effects quickly (such as during surgery), Protamine is administered as the specific antidote. Protamine works by binding to Heparin and neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Therefore, Protamine is the appropriate antidote to counteract the effects of Heparin.