When administering alendronate (Fosamax) to a patient with osteoporosis, the nurse will

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, assisting the patient to sit up at the bedside. This is important to prevent esophageal irritation and ensure proper absorption of alendronate. Sitting up allows gravity to assist in moving the medication down the esophagus and reduces the risk of esophageal ulceration. Asking about leg cramps or hot flashes (A) is not directly related to the administration of alendronate. Ensuring the patient has recently eaten (C) is not necessary for alendronate administration. Administering calcium carbonate (D) is not indicated in this scenario as the focus is on alendronate administration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Scaling papules. Papulosquamous dermatoses like psoriasis are characterized by scaly papules on the skin. The term "papulosquamous" refers to papules (small, raised bumps) with scales. Psoriasis specifically presents as red, scaly patches on the skin. The other choices are incorrect because B: Granular scabbing is not a typical feature of papulosquamous dermatoses, C: Raised red borders are more indicative of other skin conditions like eczema, and D: Nodular ulcerations are not commonly associated with papulosquamous dermatoses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Repositioning the client on a scheduled basis. This is crucial in preventing pressure ulcers in immobile patients by relieving pressure on vulnerable areas. Repositioning helps to improve blood flow, reduce tissue damage, and prevent skin breakdown. Prophylactic antibiotics (Choice A) are not indicated for pressure ulcer prevention. Applying protective dressings (Choice C) may offer some protection but does not address the root cause of pressure ulcers. Parenteral nutrition (Choice D) is important for providing essential nutrients but is not directly related to preventing pressure ulcers. In summary, regular repositioning is the most effective measure in preventing pressure ulcers in immobile patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Aging skin's fragility stems from structural shifts, with 'decreased size of rete ridges' best explaining skin tear risk. Rete ridges epidermal-dermal junctions flatten with age e.g., from 0.2 mm to 0.1 mm reducing adhesion, per Baranoski and Ayello (2004), so minor shear (e.g., tape removal) tears skin. , 'increased epidermal migration,' is false; it slows e.g., healing drops 50% not aiding tears. , 'increased sebum,' reverses; secretion falls e.g., 20% less oil drying skin but not tearing it. , 'decreased dermal thickness,' thins skin e.g., 0.5 mm over tibia vs. 1 mm young but pressure ulcers, not tears, rise here. An 80-year-old's paper-thin arm e.g., 70% tear incidence shows rete ridge loss trumps thickness for tears, a nurse's assessment key in geriatrics. Unlike pressure risk over bones, tears exploit epidermal detachment, per *Wound Care Essentials*, making the precise, primary cause.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A red, blistered hip area is 'Stage 2' , per Potter's *Essentials*. Partial-thickness loss e.g., ruptured blister 3 cm wide shows dermis, unlike 'Stage 1' , intact redness e.g., no break. 'Stage 3' is full-thickness e.g., fat, not blister. 'Stage 4' exposes bone e.g., deeper than skin. A nurse charts e.g., Blister open, pink' Stage 2's 40% incidence, per NPUAP, needing nonadherent dressing. Potter defines Stage 2 as shallow with no slough, distinct from Stage 3's depth, a physiological integrity marker. is the correct, dermal stage.