When administering a loop diuretic to a patient, it is most important for the nurse to determine if the patient is also taking which drug?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, can interact with theophylline, a medication commonly used to treat asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). When both drugs are taken together, it can lead to an increased risk of theophylline toxicity due to decreased theophylline clearance. This can result in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to determine if the patient is taking theophylline before administering a loop diuretic to prevent potential drug interactions and adverse effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Angiotensin II receptor agents, also known as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), have medication names that typically end in "sartan." Examples of angiotensin II receptor agents include losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, and telmisartan. Therefore, option A, "sar-tan," is the correct answer that matches the medication naming convention for this drug class.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hepatitis B infection is the most common serious infection that patients can contract from a blood transfusion. It is estimated that approximately 1 in 250,000 patients receiving a blood transfusion may contract Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Blood banks and healthcare facilities have strict screening and testing procedures in place to minimize the risk of transmitting Hepatitis B through blood transfusions. It is important for patients to be aware of this risk and to follow up with their healthcare provider if they experience any symptoms of Hepatitis B after a blood transfusion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A common side effect of Albuterol, a bronchodilator medication used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions, is paradoxical bronchospasm. This paradoxical reaction leads to an unexpected constriction of the airways instead of the expected relaxation. It can result in increased breathing difficulties and chest tightness, requiring immediate medical attention. Other possible side effects of Albuterol include tremors, palpitations, headache, and nervousness, but paradoxical bronchospasm is notable due to its potential severity and the need for prompt intervention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, understanding the major adverse effects of medications is crucial for safe and effective patient care. In this case, the correct answer is A) hypoglycemia. Regular insulin, being a rapid-acting insulin, can lead to hypoglycemia if the dose is too high or if the patient does not consume adequate carbohydrates after administration. This adverse effect is significant because severe hypoglycemia can lead to confusion, seizures, coma, and even death if left untreated. Option B) hypokalemia is not a major adverse effect of regular insulin. Instead, insulin therapy can actually lead to increased intracellular uptake of potassium, potentially causing hyperkalemia rather than hypokalemia. Option C) drowsiness is not a common adverse effect of regular insulin. While hypoglycemia can cause symptoms such as drowsiness, it is not directly caused by the insulin itself. Option D) anaphylaxis is a rare but serious allergic reaction that can occur with any medication, including insulin. However, it is not a major or common adverse effect of regular insulin compared to hypoglycemia. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the specific adverse effects of medications to ensure patient safety. It reinforces the need for healthcare providers to closely monitor patients receiving insulin therapy for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and to educate patients on proper medication administration and monitoring to prevent adverse reactions.