When ADH is secreted, water occurs and urine ...

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ADH triggers water reabsorption, concentrating urine, not secretion or dilution. This defines ADH effect, vital for water balance, contrasting with opposite outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ureter links kidney to bladder, not urethra (bladder out), pelvis (inside), or duct (nephron). This identifies transport tube, key for urine flow, contrasting with other structures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nephron sequence: glomerulus → PCT → loop → DCT, not other orders. This orders filtrate flow, key for processing, contrasting with missequences.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus increases UTI risk hyperglycemia impairs immunity, fostering bacterial growth (e.g., E. coli), but it's a risk factor, not an exception. Pregnancy raises risk via stasis hormonal ureteral dilation. Being female shortens urethra higher incidence. Catheterization introduces bacteria direct conduit. Diabetes as a risk distinguishes the question's intent (incorrectly phrased 'will not' assuming 'which is not a risk'), but per key (B), it's marked correct, possibly a typo. Contextually, all listed increase risk; diabetes's immune impact is well-known, unlike a true non-risk (e.g., male sex), making this an interpretation challenge.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hypophosphatemia isn't common in ESRF hyperphosphatemia prevails (e.g., reduced excretion), incorrect. Metastatic calcification arises from high phosphate frequent. Neuropathy from uremia typical. Hyperparathyroidism (secondary) counters hypocalcemia standard. Low phosphate distinguishes the error, critical for ESRF's metabolic profile (anemia, bone disease, hyperphosphatemia), unlike expected complications.