When addressing obesity in children in a community health setting, which approach should a nurse prioritize?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because promoting healthy eating and physical activity in a supportive environment is crucial for addressing obesity in children. This approach focuses on long-term lifestyle changes, which are sustainable and beneficial for overall health. Encouraging parents to enforce strict dietary restrictions (A) may lead to negative outcomes like disordered eating habits. Recommending weight loss surgery (C) is extreme and not recommended for children unless in severe cases. Focusing solely on psychological factors (D) neglects the importance of diet and exercise in managing obesity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The development of the smallpox vaccine. The smallpox vaccine, developed by Edward Jenner in the late 18th century, was a landmark event in public health that significantly reduced the incidence of smallpox. By introducing a weakened form of the smallpox virus into the body, the immune system was able to produce antibodies to fight off the virus, leading to immunity. This breakthrough led to the eventual eradication of smallpox worldwide in 1980. A: The invention of the microscope is not directly related to reducing the incidence of smallpox. B: The discovery of antibiotics is important in treating bacterial infections, not viral diseases like smallpox. D: The establishment of the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) is crucial for public health, but it did not directly reduce the incidence of smallpox.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the health promotion movement. This movement focused on preventing chronic diseases through promoting healthy lifestyles and behaviors. It emphasized education, awareness, and empowerment of individuals to take control of their health. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The environmental health movement focused on reducing environmental hazards, not specifically chronic diseases. C: The sanitation movement aimed to improve hygiene and sanitation to prevent infectious diseases, not chronic diseases. D: The primary care movement emphasized the importance of accessible and comprehensive healthcare services, not specifically prevention of chronic diseases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health was released in 1964 and played a crucial role in raising awareness about the dangers of smoking. It led to policies and interventions to reduce smoking rates and improve public health. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The Healthy People initiative is a more recent program focused on setting national health objectives. B: The National Cancer Act primarily focused on cancer research and treatment, not specifically on reducing smoking-related diseases. C: The Great American Smokeout is an annual event started in the 1970s to encourage smokers to quit, but it is not the public health initiative launched in the 1960s.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The Social Security Act. This legislation was passed in 1935, not 1965, and it did indeed lay the foundation for the creation of Medicare and Medicaid. The Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010, making choice A incorrect. Choice C, the National Health Service Act, is a UK legislation, not related to Medicare and Medicaid in the US. Choice D, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, was passed in 1996 and primarily focused on healthcare information privacy and security, not the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid.