When a resident is lactose intolerant which of the following might be used as a substitute?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Soy. Soy can be used as a substitute for dairy products in individuals who are lactose intolerant. Soy milk, tofu, and other soy-based products are good sources of protein and can be easily digested by those with lactose intolerance. Soy is a suitable alternative as it does not contain lactose, unlike dairy products. A: Fiber is not a suitable substitute for dairy products for someone who is lactose intolerant as it does not provide the necessary nutrients found in dairy. B: Salt is not a substitute for dairy products and does not provide the essential nutrients needed in the diet. C: Protein is a good nutrient to include in the diet, but solely relying on protein as a substitute for dairy may not be adequate for individuals who are lactose intolerant.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Scabies. Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, which spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact. Shingles (A) is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and spreads through exposure to the rash of a person with shingles, not direct person-to-person contact. Skin cancer (C) is not contagious and typically develops due to genetic and environmental factors. Eczema (D) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is not contagious and is influenced by factors like genetics and immune system dysfunction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is a condition where the bronchi become permanently dilated due to chronic inflammation and infection. This leads to the destruction of the bronchial walls. Rationale: 1. Bronchiectasis specifically refers to permanent dilation of bronchi. 2. Bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchi but does not result in permanent dilation. 3. Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction due to inflammation and bronchoconstriction. 4. Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs, not a condition causing permanent bronchial dilation. Summary: Bronchiectasis is the correct answer as it accurately describes the permanent dilation of bronchi, distinguishing it from the other choices which involve different mechanisms and outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is characterized by mood swings between periods of mania and depression. This type of depression involves extreme shifts in mood and energy levels. Delirium (A) is a state of confusion and disorientation. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (C) is an anxiety disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Hemianopsia (D) is a visual impairment where half of the visual field is lost. Bipolar disorder is the only choice related to mood swings, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased appetite. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to increased metabolism and energy expenditure. This increased metabolic rate often results in an increased appetite as the body requires more fuel to sustain this heightened activity level. Reduced perspiration (A), weight gain (B), and slowed pulse (C) are not typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Reduced perspiration is not directly related to thyroid function, weight gain is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, and a slowed pulse is usually indicative of a lower metabolic rate, which is the opposite of what occurs in hyperthyroidism.