When a resident is lactose intolerant which of the following might be used as a substitute?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Soy. Soy products are lactose-free and can be used as a substitute for dairy products in individuals who are lactose intolerant. Soy milk, tofu, and soy-based cheeses are good alternatives. Fiber (choice A) and protein (choice C) are not direct substitutes for dairy products. Salt (choice B) is not a suitable substitute for lactose intolerance. Soy is the best choice due to its lactose-free nature and ability to provide similar nutrients as dairy products.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Scabies. Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by a mite that burrows into the skin. It is primarily transmitted through direct person-to-person contact, such as skin-to-skin contact. Shingles (A) is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is not transmitted through direct person-to-person contact. Skin cancer (C) is not contagious and is caused by genetic and environmental factors. Eczema (D) is a chronic skin condition that is not contagious and is influenced by genetics and environmental triggers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is a condition characterized by the permanent dilation of the bronchi due to chronic inflammation and damage to the airways. This leads to a build-up of mucus and recurrent infections. Bronchitis (choice A) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes but does not result in permanent dilation. Asthma (choice C) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction but does not involve permanent dilation. Pneumonia (choice D) is an infection of the lungs and does not cause permanent bronchial dilation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a type of depression characterized by mood swings between periods of extreme high energy (mania) and low energy (depression). This is different from the other choices: A) Delirium is a state of confusion and disorientation, C) Obsessive-convulsive disorder is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors, and D) Hemianopsia is a visual impairment in which half of the visual field is lost. Bipolar disorder specifically aligns with the description of mood swings, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased appetite. In hyperthyroidism, the overproduction of thyroid hormones can lead to an increased metabolic rate, causing individuals to feel constantly hungry. This results in increased appetite and potentially weight loss. Reduced perspiration (A), weight gain (B), and slowed pulse (C) are not symptoms typically associated with hyperthyroidism. Reduced perspiration is not a common symptom, weight gain is more indicative of hypothyroidism, and a slowed pulse is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism as well due to the decreased metabolic rate.