When a physician issues a DNR order, it means that

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. DNR stands for "Do Not Resuscitate." 2. Issuing a DNR order means that the resident should not be resuscitated in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest. 3. It is a medical decision made by the physician based on the resident's medical condition and preferences. 4. This decision is documented in the resident's medical records. 5. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the purpose and meaning of a DNR order, which is to specify that resuscitation should not be performed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Learning to lift his head. This milestone typically occurs around 1-2 months of age and is crucial for developing neck strength and control. Lifting the head is an important precursor to other motor skills like rolling over and crawling. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they represent milestones that occur at later stages of development and are not typically achieved in infancy. Learning to control the bladder happens around 2-3 years, becoming active in social relationships develops over time, and learning to walk and jump usually occurs around 9-18 months of age.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sanitation is the correct answer as it involves promoting clean and hygienic conditions to prevent the spread of diseases. It includes practices like proper waste disposal, clean water supply, and personal hygiene. Sterilization (A) refers to killing all microorganisms, which is not always necessary for disease prevention. Asepsis (C) focuses on preventing infections in healthcare settings, not community-wide disease prevention. Immunity (D) refers to the body's ability to resist infections, which is different from community-wide disease prevention through sanitation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiac arrest. This is when the heart stops beating, leading to the cessation of blood flow. Pulmonary arrest (A) refers to the cessation of breathing, not the heart. Respiratory arrest (B) is when breathing stops. Complete arrest (D) is a vague term and does not specifically refer to the heart stopping. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it directly addresses the scenario of the heart no longer beating, which is a life-threatening emergency.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: REM behavior disorder. This disorder is characterized by talking and violent movements during REM sleep. It is often associated with neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. Somnambulism (A) is sleepwalking, not typically involving violent movements. Narcolepsy (B) is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, not violent movements. Restless leg syndrome (C) causes discomfort in the legs, not violent movements during sleep. Therefore, D is the correct answer based on the symptoms described.