When a physician issues a DNR order, it means that

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A resident should not be resuscitated. A DNR order, which stands for "Do Not Resuscitate," is a medical directive that indicates the resident should not receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest. This decision is made by the physician based on the resident's medical condition and wishes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a DNR order does not require the family's consent, necessitate calling a doctor before resuscitation, or involve contacting the resident's attorney. The key principle behind a DNR order is to respect the resident's autonomy and quality of life by avoiding unwanted and potentially futile life-saving measures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because learning to lift his head is a milestone achieved by infants around 1-2 months old. This milestone is crucial for developing neck strength and control, which is essential for later milestones like sitting up and crawling. A, controlling bladder, is typically achieved later in infancy. B, social relationships, develop later in childhood. C, walking and jumping, are achieved around 9-18 months old.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sanitation. Sanitation involves maintaining cleanliness and hygiene to prevent the spread of disease-causing germs in communities. By improving sanitation practices such as proper waste disposal, clean water supply, and personal hygiene, communities can effectively prevent the transmission of diseases. A: Sterilization is the process of eliminating all microorganisms, including beneficial ones, and is more focused on medical settings rather than community disease prevention. C: Asepsis refers to the absence of disease-causing microorganisms and is typically used in medical settings to prevent infections during procedures. D: Immunity is the body's ability to resist infections and diseases, which is not a process but a biological mechanism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C - Cardiac arrest): 1. Cardiac arrest specifically refers to the heart stopping, leading to the cessation of blood flow. 2. It is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention like CPR and defibrillation. 3. Pulmonary arrest (A) pertains to the lungs stopping, not the heart. Respiratory arrest (B) is when breathing stops. Complete arrest (D) is not a medical term.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: REM behavior disorder. This parasomnia involves talking and violent movements during REM sleep, often associated with neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. Somnambulism (A) is sleepwalking, not characterized by violent movements. Narcolepsy (B) involves excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, not violent movements. Restless leg syndrome (C) causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs, not related to violent movements during sleep. D is the correct answer due to its specific association with the symptoms described in the question.