ATI RN
Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems Edapt Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
When a patient with paranoid schizophrenia has a recurrence of positive symptoms after stopping his antipsychotic medication because of its postural hypotension (orthostasis) side effect, he is readmitted to the mental health unit. What measure should the nurse suggest to help the patient address this side effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because wearing elastic support hose can help improve blood circulation and reduce the risk of orthostatic hypotension. Drinking adequate fluids can also help maintain blood pressure. Changing position slowly can prevent sudden drops in blood pressure. This comprehensive approach addresses the root cause of the side effect. A: Anticholinergic drugs can worsen orthostatic hypotension and are not recommended in this case. B: Chewing gum or using candy can help with dry mouth, a common side effect of antipsychotic medications, but it does not directly address orthostatic hypotension. C: Increasing sleep and taking rest breaks may improve overall well-being but does not specifically target orthostatic hypotension.
Question 2 of 5
Consider these medications: carbamazepine (Tegretol), lamotrigine (Lamictal), gabapentin (Neurontin). Which medication below also belongs with this group?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Valproate (Depakote). Step-by-step rationale: 1. Valproate is an antiseizure medication like carbamazcine, lamotrigine, and gabapentin. 2. All medications listed in the question are commonly used to treat epilepsy. 3. Valproate works by increasing levels of the neurotransmitter GABA, similar to how other medications in the group work. 4. Galantamine is used for Alzheimer's, not epilepsy. Buspirone is an anxiolytic, not an antiseizure medication. Tacrine is also used for Alzheimer's, not epilepsy.
Question 3 of 5
A patient diagnosed with depression tells a nurse, “I don’t feel rested. It’s as though I didn’t sleep at all.” However, comments by night shift staff show that the patient slept through most of the night. How can these two observations be reconciled?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: People with depression often experience disturbed sleep cycles, leading to sleep deprivation. Step 2: The patient's feeling of not being rested despite sleeping can be explained by the sleep disturbances associated with depression. Step 3: This discrepancy between the patient's perception and the staff's observations can be reconciled by understanding the impact of depression on sleep. Step 4: Choice C is correct as it provides a logical explanation based on the known effects of depression on sleep. Step 5: Choices A, B, and D do not address the specific relationship between depression and sleep disturbances, making them incorrect.
Question 4 of 5
During the immediate postoperative period, the Post Anesthesia Care Unit nurse is assessing a patient who had hip surgery. The patient is experiencing tachycardia, tachypnea, and muscle rigidity, and his temperature is 103° F (39.4° C). The nurse will prepare for what immediate treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: dantrolene (Dantrium) injection, a skeletal muscle relaxant. In this scenario, the patient is likely experiencing malignant hyperthermia (MH), a rare but life-threatening complication of general anesthesia. Dantrolene is the specific treatment for MH as it acts to reduce muscle rigidity and hyperthermia. Naltrexone hydrochloride (A) is used for opioid overdose, not for MH. Anticholinesterase drugs (C) are used for reversing neuromuscular blockade, not for treating MH. CPR and intubation (D) may be needed in severe cases of MH, but the immediate treatment is to administer dantrolene to reverse the condition.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the orders for a patient and notes a new order for an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The nurse checks the current medication orders, knowing that this drug class may have a serious interaction with what other drug class?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). ACE inhibitors can increase the risk of kidney damage when taken with NSAIDs due to their combined effects on renal function. NSAIDs can interfere with the vasodilatory effects of ACE inhibitors, potentially leading to decreased renal blood flow and worsened kidney function. Calcium channel blockers (A), diuretics (B), and nitrates (D) do not have the same significant interaction with ACE inhibitors as NSAIDs do.